Russell Ashley E, Sneider Alexandra, Witwer Kenneth W, Bergese Paolo, Bhattacharyya Suvendra N, Cocks Alexander, Cocucci Emanuele, Erdbrügger Uta, Falcon-Perez Juan M, Freeman David W, Gallagher Thomas M, Hu Shuaishuai, Huang Yiyao, Jay Steven M, Kano Shin-Ichi, Lavieu Gregory, Leszczynska Aleksandra, Llorente Alicia M, Lu Quan, Mahairaki Vasiliki, Muth Dillon C, Noren Hooten Nicole, Ostrowski Matias, Prada Ilaria, Sahoo Susmita, Schøyen Tine Hiorth, Sheng Lifu, Tesch Deanna, Van Niel Guillaume, Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E, Verweij Frederik J, Villar Ana V, Wauben Marca, Wehman Ann M, Yin Hang, Carter David Raul Francisco, Vader Pieter
Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Extracell Vesicles. 2019 Nov 8;8(1):1684862. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1684862. eCollection 2019.
Paracrine and endocrine roles have increasingly been ascribed to extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated by multicellular organisms. Central to the biogenesis, content, and function of EVs are their delimiting lipid bilayer membranes. To evaluate research progress on membranes and EVs, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) conducted a workshop in March 2018 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, bringing together key opinion leaders and hands-on researchers who were selected on the basis of submitted applications. The workshop was accompanied by two scientific surveys and covered four broad topics: EV biogenesis and release; EV uptake and fusion; technologies and strategies used to study EV membranes; and EV transfer and functional assays. In this ISEV position paper, we synthesize the results of the workshop and the related surveys to outline important outstanding questions about EV membranes and describe areas of consensus. The workshop discussions and survey responses reveal that while much progress has been made in the field, there are still several concepts that divide opinion. Good consensus exists in some areas, including particular aspects of EV biogenesis, uptake and downstream signalling. Areas with little to no consensus include EV storage and stability, as well as whether and how EVs fuse with target cells. Further research is needed in these key areas, as a better understanding of membrane biology will contribute substantially towards advancing the field of extracellular vesicles.
多细胞生物产生的细胞外囊泡（EVs）的旁分泌和内分泌作用越来越受到关注。EVs的生物发生、内容物和功能的核心是其界定的脂质双分子层膜。为了评估膜和EVs的研究进展，国际细胞外囊泡协会（ISEV）于2018年3月在美国马里兰州巴尔的摩举办了一次研讨会，汇聚了根据提交的申请挑选出的关键意见领袖和实际操作的研究人员。该研讨会伴随着两项科学调查，涵盖了四个广泛的主题：EV的生物发生和释放；EV的摄取和融合；用于研究EV膜的技术和策略；以及EV的转移和功能测定。在这份ISEV立场文件中，我们综合了研讨会和相关调查的结果，以概述关于EV膜的重要未解决问题，并描述达成共识的领域。研讨会的讨论和调查反馈表明，虽然该领域已经取得了很大进展，但仍有几个概念存在分歧。在一些领域存在良好的共识，包括EV生物发生、摄取和下游信号传导的特定方面。几乎没有或没有达成共识的领域包括EV的储存和稳定性，以及EV是否以及如何与靶细胞融合。在这些关键领域需要进一步研究，因为更好地理解膜生物学将极大地推动细胞外囊泡领域的发展。
