Newell G R, Borrud L G, McPherson R S, Nichaman M Z, Pillow P C
University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.
Prev Med. 1988 Sep;17(5):622-33. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(88)90055-2.
Ethnic groups in the United States exhibit different patterns of cardiovascular disease and cancer morbidity and mortality. This has, in part, been attributed to differences in dietary intake. However, there is limited comparative information available regarding the dietary patterns of whites, blacks, and Hispanics residing in the same geographic area. Selected nutrient intakes were obtained by an interviewer-administered 24-hr dietary recall from 231 white, 102 black, and 98 Mexican-American persons residing in the same communities in Southeast Texas. Mean caloric intakes were highest for whites, followed by Mexican Americans and blacks. Mexican Americans had carbohydrate intakes that were significantly higher, but total fat intakes that were significantly lower, than those of whites. Blacks of both sexes had the highest cholesterol intakes and black males had the highest saturated fat intakes. Neither was significantly higher than that of whites or Mexican Americans. Overall, the mean vitamin A and C values were highest for blacks and lowest for whites, although the differences were not statistically significant. Mean calcium and phosphorus intakes were significantly higher for whites compared with those for blacks and Mexican Americans. Blacks had significantly lower mean fiber values than whites or Mexican Americans. International ethnic differences in disease distribution have long been used to provide clues to etiologic factors. National ethnic differences in disease distribution related to dietary intake can further elucidate these causative and/or preventive factors. However, to do so will require additional attention to dietary methodology of the type presented here.
美国的不同种族群体呈现出不同模式的心血管疾病以及癌症发病率和死亡率。这在一定程度上归因于饮食摄入的差异。然而，关于居住在同一地理区域的白人、黑人和西班牙裔的饮食模式，可获取的比较信息有限。通过访员管理的24小时饮食回顾法，从居住在得克萨斯州东南部同一社区的231名白人、102名黑人以及98名墨西哥裔美国人中获取了选定营养素的摄入量。白人的平均热量摄入量最高，其次是墨西哥裔美国人，然后是黑人。墨西哥裔美国人的碳水化合物摄入量显著高于白人，但总脂肪摄入量显著低于白人。两性黑人的胆固醇摄入量最高，黑人男性的饱和脂肪摄入量最高。两者均未显著高于白人或墨西哥裔美国人。总体而言，黑人的维生素A和C平均水平最高，白人最低，尽管差异无统计学意义。与黑人和墨西哥裔美国人相比，白人的钙和磷平均摄入量显著更高。黑人的平均纤维值显著低于白人和墨西哥裔美国人。长期以来，疾病分布的国际种族差异一直被用于提供病因线索。与饮食摄入相关的疾病分布的国内种族差异能够进一步阐明这些致病和/或预防因素。然而，要做到这一点需要更多关注此处所呈现的这类饮食方法。
