Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Thyroid Section, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2020 May 6;10(1):7628. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64365-x.
Endothelial dysfunction is a characteristic of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and an early marker of atherosclerosis. Aerobic exercise training (AT) improves endothelial function. However, the effects of resistance training (RT) and combined training (CT) on endothelial function remain controversial in individuals with SAH. We determined the effects of AT, RT, and CT on endothelial function and systolic (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in individuals with prehypertension or hypertension. Forty-two participants (54 ± 11 y, resting SBP/DBP 137 ± 9/86 ± 6 mmHg) were randomly allocated into AT (n = 14, 40 min of cycling, 50-75% heart rate reserve), RT (n = 14, 6 resistance exercises, 4 × 12 repetitions, 60% maximum strength) and CT (n = 14, 2 × 12 repetitions of RT + 20 min of AT). All participants performed a 40-minute exercise session twice a week for 8 weeks. Endothelial function was evaluated by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Blood pressure was evaluated through ambulatory monitoring for 24 hours. After 8 weeks of exercise training, blood pressure was reduced in all 3 groups: -5.1 mmHg in SBP (95%CI -10.1, 0.0; p = 0.003) in AT; -4.0 mmHg in SBP (95%CI -7.8, -0.5; p = 0.027) in RT; and -3.2 mmHg in DBP (95%CI -7.9, 1.5; p = 0.001) in CT. All 3 exercise training modalities produced similar improvements in FMD: + 3.2% (95%CI 1.7, 4.6) (p < 0.001) in AT; + 4.0% (95%CI 2.1, 5.7) (p < 0.001) in RT; and +6.8% (95%CI 2.6, 11.1) (p = 0.006) in CT. In conclusion, different exercise training modalities were similarly effective in improving endothelial function but impacts on ambulatory blood pressure appear to be variable in individuals with prehypertension or hypertension.
内皮功能障碍是全身性动脉高血压（SAH）的特征，也是动脉粥样硬化的早期标志物。有氧运动训练（AT）可改善内皮功能。然而，在患有 SAH 的个体中，关于抗阻训练（RT）和组合训练（CT）对内皮功能的影响仍存在争议。我们确定了 AT、RT 和 CT 对高血压前期或高血压个体内皮功能和收缩压（SBP）/舒张压（DBP）的影响。42 名参与者（54±11 岁，静息 SBP/DBP 为 137±9/86±6mmHg）被随机分为 AT 组（n=14，40 分钟骑自行车，50-75%心率储备）、RT 组（n=14，6 项抗阻运动，4×12 次重复，最大力量的 60%）和 CT 组（n=14，2×12 次 RT 重复+20 分钟 AT）。所有参与者每周进行两次，每次 40 分钟的运动，共 8 周。通过肱动脉血流介导的扩张（FMD）评估内皮功能。通过 24 小时动态血压监测评估血压。经过 8 周的运动训练，所有 3 组的血压均降低：AT 组 SBP 降低 5.1mmHg（95%CI -10.1，0.0；p=0.003）；RT 组 SBP 降低 4.0mmHg（95%CI -7.8，-0.5；p=0.027）；CT 组 DBP 降低 3.2mmHg（95%CI -7.9，1.5；p=0.001）。所有 3 种运动训练方式均使 FMD 得到类似的改善：AT 组增加 3.2%（95%CI 1.7，4.6）（p<0.001）；RT 组增加 4.0%（95%CI 2.1，5.7）（p<0.001）；CT 组增加 6.8%（95%CI 2.6，11.1）（p=0.006）。总之，不同的运动训练方式在改善内皮功能方面同样有效，但对高血压前期或高血压个体的动态血压影响似乎存在差异。
