Khalafi Mousa, Kheradmand Shokoufeh, Habibi Maleki Aref, Symonds Michael E, Rosenkranz Sara K, Batrakoulis Alexios
Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-53153, Iran.
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 47416-13534, Iran.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Mar 31;13(7):776. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13070776.
The beneficial effects of aerobic training (AT) on preventing excess fat mass, and of resistance training (RT) on skeletal muscle adaptation, are well established. However, the effects of concurrent training (CT) compared to AT or RT alone on body composition in middle-aged and older adults are less understood, and therefore, the focus of this meta-analysis. : Three databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched from inception to March 2024. Randomized trials were included if they compared CT versus either AT or RT, and included body composition measures such as fat mass, body fat percentage, waist circumference, visceral fat mass, lean body mass (LBM), muscle mass/volume, or muscle or muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), in middle-aged (50 to <65 years) and older adults (≥65 years). Weighted mean differences (WMD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. : A total of 53 studies involving 2873 participants were included. Overall, CT increased body weight and LBM significantly more, trending toward significantly larger increases in muscle mass and CSA, compared with AT alone. However, there were no significant differences between CT and RT alone, for body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, fat mass, waist circumference, or visceral fat mass. : CT is as effective as AT for decreasing body fat measures and as effective as RT for increasing muscle mass in middle-aged and older adults, and it should be recommended accordingly.
有氧运动训练（AT）在预防脂肪量过多方面的有益效果，以及抗阻训练（RT）在骨骼肌适应性方面的有益效果，已得到充分证实。然而，与单独进行AT或RT相比，中年及老年人进行联合训练（CT）对身体成分的影响了解较少，因此，这是本荟萃分析的重点。：检索了三个数据库，包括PubMed、科学网和Scopus，检索时间从建库至2024年3月。纳入的随机试验需比较CT与AT或RT，并纳入了中年（50至<65岁）和老年人（≥65岁）的身体成分测量指标，如脂肪量、体脂百分比、腰围、内脏脂肪量、去脂体重（LBM）、肌肉量/体积或肌肉或肌纤维横截面积（CSA）。使用随机效应模型计算加权平均差（WMD）或标准化平均差（SMD）以及95%置信区间（CI）。：共纳入53项研究，涉及2873名参与者。总体而言，与单独进行AT相比，CT显著增加体重和LBM的幅度更大，肌肉量和CSA增加幅度有显著增大的趋势。然而，单独进行CT与RT在体重、BMI、体脂百分比、脂肪量、腰围或内脏脂肪量方面没有显著差异。：在中年及老年人中，CT在降低身体脂肪指标方面与AT同样有效，在增加肌肉量方面与RT同样有效，因此应相应推荐CT。
