Sun Yuqing, Zhong Shi, Deng Bo, Jin Qinsheng, Wu Jie, Huo Jinxi, Zhu Jianxun, Zhang Cheng, Li Yougui
Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China.
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
PeerJ. 2020 Apr 28;8:e9067. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9067. eCollection 2020.
Antibiotics are the most commonly used growth-promoting additives in pig feed especially for weaned piglets. But in recent years their use has been restricted because of bacterial resistance. , a genus of medicinal fungi, is widely used in Asia to treat gastroenteric dysfunction, hemrrhage, and tumors. is reported to improve body weight on mice with colitis. Therefore, we hypothesize that it could benefit the health and growth of piglets, and could be used as an alternative to antibiotic. Here, the effect of mycelia (SH) and antibiotic growth promoter (ATB) were investigated on weaned piglets.
A total of 72 crossbred piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups ( = 4 pens per treatment group with six piglets per pen). The control group was fed basal diet; the SH treatment group was fed basal diet containing 5 g/kg SH; the ATB treatment group was feed basal diet containing 75 mg/kg aureomycin and 20 mg/kg kitasamycin. The experiment period was 28 days. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed intake to gain ratio were calculated. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in serum were assessed. Viable plate counts of in feces were measured. Fecal microbiota was analyzed via the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method.
The ADG (1-28 day) of piglets was significantly higher in SH and ATB treatment groups ( < 0.05) compared to the control, and the ADG did not show significant difference between SH and ATB treatment groups ( > 0.05). Both SH and ATB treatments increased the MPO, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in serum compared to the control ( < 0.05), but the levels in SH group were all significantly higher than in the ATB group ( < 0.05). Fecal microbiological analysis showed that viable counts were dramatically decreased by SH and ATB. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that ATB shifted the microbiota structure drastically, and significantly increased the relative abundance of , , and genera. But SH slightly influenced the microbiota structure, and only increased the relative abundance of genus.
Our work demonstrated that though SH slightly influenced the microbiota structure, it markedly reduced the fecal population, and improved growth and innate immunity in piglets. Our finding suggested that SH could be an alternative to ATB in piglet feed.
抗生素是猪饲料中最常用的促生长添加剂，尤其是用于断奶仔猪。但近年来，由于细菌耐药性，其使用受到限制。木耳属药用真菌，在亚洲广泛用于治疗胃肠功能紊乱、出血和肿瘤。据报道，木耳可提高结肠炎小鼠的体重。因此，我们假设它可能有益于仔猪的健康和生长，并可作为抗生素的替代品。在此，研究了木耳菌丝体（SH）和抗生素生长促进剂（ATB）对断奶仔猪的影响。
总共72头杂交仔猪被随机分配到三个日粮处理组（每个处理组4个栏，每栏6头仔猪）。对照组饲喂基础日粮；SH处理组饲喂含5 g/kg SH的基础日粮；ATB处理组饲喂含75 mg/kg金霉素和20 mg/kg北里霉素的基础日粮。试验期为28天。计算平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和采食量与增重比。评估血清中免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α和髓过氧化物酶（MPO）的浓度。测定粪便中大肠杆菌的活菌平板计数。通过16S rRNA基因测序方法分析粪便微生物群。
与对照组相比，SH和ATB处理组仔猪的ADG（1-28天）显著更高（P<0.05），且SH和ATB处理组之间的ADG没有显著差异（P>0.05）。与对照组相比，SH和ATB处理均增加了血清中MPO、IL-1β和TNF-α水平（P<0.05），但SH组的水平均显著高于ATB组（P<0.05）。粪便微生物学分析表明，SH和ATB显著降低了大肠杆菌活菌计数。16S rRNA基因测序分析表明，ATB显著改变了微生物群结构，并显著增加了埃希氏菌属、志贺氏菌属和柠檬酸杆菌属的相对丰度。但SH对微生物群结构的影响较小，仅增加了乳杆菌属的相对丰度。
我们的研究表明，虽然SH对微生物群结构的影响较小，但它显著减少了粪便中大肠杆菌数量，并改善了仔猪的生长和先天免疫力。我们的研究结果表明，SH可作为仔猪饲料中ATB的替代品。
