Green Judith, Romanovitch Andrey, Garnett Emma, Steinbach Rebecca, Lewis Daniel
SUPHI, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, UK.
Department of Social & Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
J Transp Health. 2020 Mar;16:100795. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2019.100795.
Reducing motorised transport is crucial for achieving public health goals, but cars will continue to be essential for many in the medium term. The role of emerging technologies in mitigating the public health disadvantages of this private car use has been under-examined to date. Telematics are increasingly used by novice drivers in the UK to reduce insurance premiums. An exploratory study of novice drivers' experiences of telematics identified implications for public health that warrant urgent further research.
An exploratory qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews with 12 drivers aged 17-25 in three regions of the UK (Aberdeenshire, Hertfordshire and London).
Telematics were acceptable to young drivers, and reported to mitigate some negative health consequences of driving (injury risks, over-reliance on car transport), without reducing access to determinants of health such as employment or social life. However, there were suggestions that those at higher risk were less likely to adopt telematics.
Market-based mechanisms such as telematics are potential alternatives to well-evaluated policy interventions such as Graduated Driver Licensing for reducing road injury risks for novice drivers, with a different mix of risks and benefits. However, claims to date from insurance companies about the contribution of telematics to public health outcomes should be evaluated carefully to account for biases in uptake.
减少机动化交通对于实现公共卫生目标至关重要，但在中期内，汽车对许多人来说仍将必不可少。迄今为止，新兴技术在减轻私家车使用对公共卫生的不利影响方面的作用尚未得到充分研究。在英国，新手司机越来越多地使用远程信息处理技术来降低保险费。一项对新手司机远程信息处理技术体验的探索性研究确定了对公共卫生的影响，值得进行紧急的进一步研究。
一项探索性定性研究，对英国三个地区（阿伯丁郡、赫特福德郡和伦敦）的12名17至25岁的司机进行了半结构化访谈。
远程信息处理技术为年轻司机所接受，并据报道减轻了驾驶带来的一些负面健康后果（受伤风险、过度依赖汽车交通），同时没有减少获得就业或社交生活等健康决定因素的机会。然而，有人认为，风险较高的人采用远程信息处理技术的可能性较小。
远程信息处理技术等基于市场的机制是经过充分评估的政策干预措施（如分级驾照制度）的潜在替代方案，用于降低新手司机的道路受伤风险，其风险和收益组合不同。然而，保险公司迄今关于远程信息处理技术对公共卫生结果贡献的说法应仔细评估，以考虑采用过程中的偏差。
