General and Molecular Botany, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
Arbeitskreis für Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, ND6/166, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 Jul;104(13):5689-5695. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10631-x. Epub 2020 May 7.
RNA editing occurs in all kingdoms of life and in various RNA species. The editing of nuclear protein-coding transcripts has long been known in metazoans, but was only recently detected in fungi. In contrast to many metazoan species, fungal editing sites occur mostly in coding regions, and therefore, fungal editing can change protein sequences and lead to modified or new functions of proteins. Indeed, mRNA editing is thought to be generally adaptive on fungi. Although RNA editing has been detected in both, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, there seem to be considerable differences between these two classes of fungi concerning the types, the timing, and the purpose of editing. This review summarizes the characteristics of RNA editing in fungi and compares them to metazoan species and bacteria. In particular, it will review cellular processes affected by editing and speculate on the purpose of editing for fungal biology with a focus on the filamentous ascomycetes. KEY POINTS: • Fungi show various types of mRNA editing in nuclear transcripts. • Fungal editing leads to proteome diversification. • Filamentous ascomycetes may require editing for sexual sporulation. • Wood-degrading basidiomycetes may use editing for adaptation to different substrates.
RNA 编辑发生在所有生命领域和各种 RNA 物种中。核蛋白编码转录本的编辑在后生动物中早已为人所知，但直到最近才在真菌中被发现。与许多后生动物物种相比，真菌编辑位点大多发生在编码区，因此，真菌编辑可以改变蛋白质序列，并导致蛋白质功能的改变或新功能。事实上，人们认为 mRNA 编辑在真菌中通常是适应性的。尽管在子囊菌和担子菌中都检测到了 RNA 编辑，但这两类真菌在编辑的类型、时间和目的方面似乎存在很大差异。这篇综述总结了真菌中 RNA 编辑的特征，并将其与后生动物物种和细菌进行了比较。特别是，它将回顾受编辑影响的细胞过程，并推测编辑对丝状子囊菌真菌生物学的目的，重点是丝状子囊菌。关键点：
真菌在核转录本中显示出各种类型的 mRNA 编辑。
真菌编辑导致蛋白质组多样化。
丝状子囊菌可能需要编辑才能进行有性孢子形成。
木质素降解担子菌可能利用编辑来适应不同的基质。
