National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
Prev Med. 2020 Aug;137:106122. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106122. Epub 2020 May 7.
The Environmental Protection Agency created the National Walkability Index (Index) to compare and analyze walkability among US communities. Index elements include design, distance to transit, and diversity of land uses. Associations between the Index and walking behavior have not been examined. This study describes associations between the Index and transportation and leisure walking among US adults. Past week self-reported participation in transportation and leisure walking among adults (n = 33,672) was obtained from the 2015 Cancer Control Supplement of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and analysis completed in 2019. Index scores were linked to NHIS data based on the respondent's residence and classified into least, below average, above average, and most walkable communities. Associations between Index categories and walking were examined with regression models. Overall, the Index was associated with a higher likelihood of walking, especially for transportation. Transportation walking was more common in areas with higher walkability (21.6%-51.6%, least to most walkable). Leisure walking was also more common with greater walkability (48.4%-56.5%, least to most walkable). Transportation and leisure walking by Index categories in urban areas were similar to the overall population; however, it was not associated with walking in rural areas. US adults living in more walkable areas report more transportation and leisure walking, especially among urban areas. Consistent with elements in the Index, associations were stronger for transportation than leisure walking. Findings support the use of the Walkability Index by researchers, professionals, and other relevant stakeholders as a viable indicator of walkability.
美国环保署创建了国家步行指数（Index），以比较和分析美国社区的步行便利性。指数元素包括设计、到交通的距离和土地利用的多样性。指数与步行行为之间的关联尚未得到检验。本研究描述了指数与美国成年人的交通和休闲步行之间的关联。过去一周，通过 2015 年癌症控制补充国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）中成年人（n=33672）的自我报告，获得了成年人的交通和休闲步行参与情况，并于 2019 年完成了分析。根据受访者的住所，将指数得分与 NHIS 数据相关联，并将其分为最不便利、低于平均水平、高于平均水平和最便利社区。使用回归模型检查了指数类别与步行之间的关联。总体而言，指数与更高的步行可能性相关，尤其是对于交通。交通步行在步行能力较高的地区更为常见（21.6%-51.6%，从最不便利到最便利）。随着步行能力的提高，休闲步行也更为常见（48.4%-56.5%，从最不便利到最便利）。城市地区按指数类别进行的交通和休闲步行与总体人口相似；然而，它与农村地区的步行无关。居住在更便利步行地区的美国成年人报告的交通和休闲步行更多，尤其是在城市地区。与指数中的元素一致，交通与休闲步行相比，关联更强。研究结果支持研究人员、专业人员和其他相关利益相关者使用步行指数作为可行的步行便利性指标。
