Gao Huiyuan, Che Qingqing, Zhang Dailin, Chai Yinxia, Luo Xingwei, Cai Taisheng
Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.
Front Psychol. 2020 Apr 23;11:670. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00670. eCollection 2020.
This experimental study set out to examine the effects of performance feedback (success or failure) on depressed emotions and self-serving attribution bias in inpatients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD).
The study was based on a 2 × 2 experimental design in which 71 MDD patients and 59 healthy controls participated. Both groups (MDD and controls) were randomly assigned to two conditions: success or failure in the performance feedback. A section of Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) was used as a bogus test of the participants' reasoning abilities, and the Core Depressive Factor of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to measure changes in depressed emotion in the subjects following the performance feedback. Participants then rated the accuracy of the SPM as a measure of their reasoning capacity.
The levels of depressed emotions in patients with MDD did not differ significantly under the two feedback conditions. In contrast, depressed emotion levels increased significantly in healthy individuals in response to failure feedback but did not change in response to success feedback. With regard to the ratings of SPM accuracy, there was no significant difference across the two feedback conditions for depressed patients; however, the accuracy ratings were higher in the success condition than in the failure condition for the controls.
Individuals with MDD exhibit blunted emotional reactivity when experiencing new positive or negative social stimuli, supporting the theory of Emotion Context Insensitivity. In addition, self-serving attribution bias does not occur in MDD, which is consistent with the theory of learned helplessness in depression.
本实验研究旨在探讨绩效反馈（成功或失败）对重度抑郁症（MDD）住院患者抑郁情绪和自利归因偏差的影响。
该研究基于2×2实验设计，71名MDD患者和59名健康对照参与其中。两组（MDD组和对照组）被随机分配到两种条件下：绩效反馈成功或失败。使用瑞文标准渐进矩阵（SPM）的一部分作为对参与者推理能力的虚假测试，并使用zung自评抑郁量表的核心抑郁因子来测量绩效反馈后受试者抑郁情绪的变化。参与者随后对SPM的准确性进行评分，以此作为他们推理能力的衡量指标。
在两种反馈条件下，MDD患者的抑郁情绪水平没有显著差异。相比之下，健康个体在失败反馈后抑郁情绪水平显著增加，但在成功反馈后没有变化。关于SPM准确性评分，抑郁患者在两种反馈条件下没有显著差异；然而，对照组在成功条件下的准确性评分高于失败条件。
MDD患者在经历新的积极或消极社会刺激时表现出情绪反应迟钝，支持情绪情境不敏感理论。此外，MDD中不会出现自利归因偏差，这与抑郁症的习得性无助理论一致。
