Liu Xuzhou, Zhang Bo, Liu Hansuo, Zhang Gang, Zhao Jinbiao, Liu Ling, Piao Xiangshu, Song Hui, Zhang Shuai, Li Yu
1Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China.
2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2020 May 4;11:41. doi: 10.1186/s40104-020-00449-y. eCollection 2020.
stem waste (FVS) is the by-product of mushroom industry. The objectives of this study were to determine the available energy and amino acid digestibility of FVS fed to pigs, and to evaluate the effects of dietary FVS inclusion on growth performance, biochemical profile of serum, fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration, carcass traits, meat quality, intestinal morphology and microflora of pigs. In Exp. 1, twelve crossbred barrows with initial body weight (IBW) of 37.48 ± 4.31 kg were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments, including a corn basal diet and an experimental diet containing 24.35% FVS. In Exp. 2, twelve barrows fitted with an ileal T-cannula (IBW: 32.56 ± 1.67 kg) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments, which included a N-free diet and an experimental diet containing 40.0% FVS. In Exp. 3, ninety growing pigs (IBW: 63.98 ± 6.89 kg) were allotted to 1 of 3 treatment diets for 63 d, including a basal diet and 2 experimental diets with 2.5% and 5% FVS, respectively.
The digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of FVS were 4.58 and 4.06 MJ/kg on dry matter basis, respectively, and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of indispensable AAs ranged from 17.50% to 59.47%. Pigs fed diets with 2.5% FVS showed no difference on average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G/F). Although dietary 5% FVS inclusion impaired apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter and gross energy, it elevated the SCFA concentration ( ≤ 0.04) in gut and antioxidant capacity in serum. In addition, dietary FVS inclusion depressed the backfat thickness ( = 0.03) in pigs. The muscle of pigs fed FVS revealed higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration and optimized fatty acid composition. Dietary 2.5% FVS inclusion also improved the intestinal development and health by increasing the villius height to crypt depth ratio (V/C) in jejunum ( < 0.01), and promoting microbial diversity and beneficial microbiota proliferation.
It is feasible to include moderate content of FVS as an unconventional fiber ingredient in diet of growing-finishing pigs.
菌渣是蘑菇产业的副产品。本研究的目的是测定喂给猪的菌渣的可利用能量和氨基酸消化率，并评估日粮中添加菌渣对猪的生长性能、血清生化指标、粪便短链脂肪酸（SCFA）浓度、胴体性状、肉质、肠道形态和微生物群的影响。在试验1中，将12头初始体重（IBW）为37.48±4.31 kg的杂交公猪随机分配到2种日粮处理中，包括玉米基础日粮和含24.35%菌渣的试验日粮。在试验2中，将12头安装了回肠T型插管的公猪（IBW：32.56±1.67 kg）随机分配到2种日粮处理中，包括无氮日粮和含40.0%菌渣的试验日粮。在试验3中，将90头生长猪（IBW：63.98±6.89 kg）分配到3种处理日粮中的1种，为期63天，包括基础日粮和2种分别含2.5%和5%菌渣的试验日粮。
菌渣的消化能（DE）和代谢能（ME）以干物质计分别为4.58和4.06 MJ/kg，必需氨基酸的标准回肠消化率（SID）在17.50%至59.47%之间。饲喂含2.5%菌渣日粮的猪在平均日增重（ADG）和料重比（G/F）上没有差异。虽然日粮中添加5%菌渣会降低有机物和总能的表观全肠道消化率（ATTD），但它提高了肠道中SCFA浓度（P≤0.04）和血清抗氧化能力。此外，日粮中添加菌渣降低了猪的背膘厚度（P=0.03）。饲喂菌渣的猪的肌肉显示出较高的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸浓度和优化的脂肪酸组成。日粮中添加2.5%菌渣还通过增加空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比（V/C）（P<0.01），促进微生物多样性和有益微生物群增殖，改善了肠道发育和健康。
在生长育肥猪日粮中添加适量菌渣作为非常规纤维成分是可行的。
