Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; email:
Annu Rev Virol. 2020 Sep 29;7(1):121-141. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-010320-052547. Epub 2020 May 11.
Numerous bacteriophages-viruses of bacteria, also known as phages-have been described for hundreds of bacterial species. The Gram-negative species are close relatives of , yet relatively few previously described phages appear to exclusively infect this genus. Recent efforts to isolate phages have indicated these viruses are surprisingly abundant in the environment and have distinct genomic and structural properties. In addition, at least one model system used for experimental evolution studies has revealed a unique mechanism for developing faster infection cycles. Differences between these bacteriophages and other well-described model systems may mirror differences between their hosts' ecology and defense mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the history of phages and recent developments in their isolation and characterization and the structural information available for three model systems, Sf6, Sf14, and HRP29; we also provide an overview of potential selective pressures guiding both phage and host evolution.
已经描述了数百种细菌的噬菌体——细菌病毒，也称为噬菌体。革兰氏阴性菌是 的近亲，但以前描述的噬菌体相对较少，似乎专门感染这个属。最近分离 噬菌体的努力表明，这些病毒在环境中非常丰富，具有独特的基因组和结构特性。此外，至少有一个用于实验进化研究的模型系统揭示了一种独特的机制来开发更快的感染周期。这些噬菌体与其他描述良好的模型系统之间的差异可能反映了它们宿主的生态和防御机制之间的差异。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 噬菌体的历史以及它们的分离和表征的最新进展，以及三个模型系统 Sf6、 Sf14 和 HRP29 的结构信息；我们还概述了指导噬菌体和宿主进化的潜在选择压力。
