Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 7;17(9):3258. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093258.
Very preterm (VP; <32 weeks gestation) and/or very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) birth has been associated with an increased risk of adverse motor and cognitive outcomes that may persist into adulthood. The aim of this study was to determine whether motor development in the first five years of life is associated with motor and cognitive outcomes in adulthood. A prospective observational study in Germany followed 260 VP/VLBW and 229 term-born individuals from birth into adulthood. Early motor trajectories (i.e., high and low degree of motor difficulties) were determined from neurological examinations from birth to 56 months. Adult motor and cognitive outcomes were determined from information from multiple instruments and IQ tests, respectively. Associations of VP/VLBW birth and early motor difficulties on adult outcomes were assessed using regression analyses. VP/VLBW individuals had an increased risk for early motor difficulties (Relative Risk: 11.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.28, 32.35). Early motor difficulties were associated with poorer motor competence in adulthood ( = 0.22, < 0.001), independent of VP/VLBW birth. Adult IQ was predicted by VP/VLBW ( = -0.12, 0.05) and child IQ ( = 0.51, 0.001), while early motor difficulties ceased to be associated with adult IQ once participants with a neurological impairment were excluded ( = 0.02, > 0.05). Motor problems in childhood were homotypically associated with poorer motor competence in adulthood. Similarly, early cognitive problems were homotypically associated with adult cognitive outcomes. Thus, both motor and cognitive function should be assessed in routine follow-up during childhood.
极早产（VP；<32 周）和/或极低出生体重（VLBW；<1500 克）与不良运动和认知结果的风险增加相关，这些结果可能会持续到成年期。本研究旨在确定生命的前五年的运动发育是否与成年后的运动和认知结果相关。德国的一项前瞻性观察研究从出生到成年期对 260 名 VP/VLBW 和 229 名足月出生的个体进行了随访。通过出生至 56 个月的神经检查确定早期运动轨迹（即运动困难的高低程度）。成年后的运动和认知结果分别通过来自多种仪器和智商测试的信息来确定。使用回归分析评估 VP/VLBW 出生和早期运动困难对成年结果的影响。VP/VLBW 个体发生早期运动困难的风险增加（相对风险：11.77，95%置信区间（CI）：4.28，32.35）。早期运动困难与成年后运动能力较差相关（=0.22，<0.001），与 VP/VLBW 出生无关。成人智商受 VP/VLBW（= -0.12，0.05）和儿童智商（=0.51，0.001）的影响，而一旦排除神经功能障碍的参与者（=0.02，>0.05），早期运动困难与成人智商不再相关。儿童时期的运动问题与成年后运动能力较差呈同型相关。同样，早期认知问题与成人认知结果呈同型相关。因此，在儿童期的常规随访中应同时评估运动和认知功能。
