College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
Department of Agriculture, Pest Warning & Quality Control of Pesticides, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan.
Molecules. 2020 May 7;25(9):2184. doi: 10.3390/molecules25092184.
is a problematic pest in cabbage and other field crops. Synthetic pesticides are used to control this pest, but they are injurious for human health and the environment. The present study aimed to purify and identify the active compounds from leaves with an appraisal of their efficacy against . Separation and purification were performed via different chromatographic techniques. Molecular analysis and chemical structures were recognized by mass spectrum (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), respectively. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo aphicidal activity was assessed using various concentrations, i.e., 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/mL at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h exposure. The outcome shows that mass spectrum analyses of the purified compounds suggested the molecular formulae are CHO and CHO, CHO. The compounds were characterized as fernenol and a mixture of spinasterol, 22,23-dihydrospinasterol by H-NMR and C-NMR spectrum analysis. The toxicity results showed that the mixture of spinasterol and 22,23-dihydrospinasterol showed LC values of 32.36, 44.49 and 37.50 µg/mL by contact, residual and greenhouse assay at 72 h exposure, respectively. In contrast, fernenol recorded LC values as 47.99, 57.46 and 58.67 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, spinasterol, 22,23-dihydrospinasterol showed the highest mortality, i.e., 66.67%, 53.33% and 60% while, 30%, 23.33% and 25% mortality was recorded by fernenol after 72 h at 50 µg/mL by contact, residual and greenhouse assay, respectively. This study suggests that spinasterol, 22,23-dihydrospinasterol are more effective against which may be introduced as an effective and suitable substitute of synthetic chemical pesticides.
小菜蛾是十字花科蔬菜和其他大田作物上的一种有害害虫。合成农药被用于防治这种害虫，但它们对人类健康和环境有害。本研究旨在从 叶中纯化和鉴定活性化合物，并评估其对小菜蛾的防治效果。采用不同的色谱技术进行分离和纯化。通过质谱（MS）和核磁共振（NMR）分别对分子分析和化学结构进行识别。此外，还使用不同浓度（6.25、12.5、25 和 50 µg/mL）在 12、24、48 和 72 h 暴露时间下评估了化合物的离体和体内杀虫活性。结果表明，纯化化合物的质谱分析表明其分子式为 CHO 和 CHO，CHO。通过 H-NMR 和 C-NMR 谱分析，这些化合物被鉴定为法呢醇和角鲨烯、22,23-二氢角鲨烯的混合物。毒性结果表明，角鲨烯和 22,23-二氢角鲨烯混合物在接触、残留和温室试验中，72 h 暴露时的 LC 值分别为 32.36、44.49 和 37.50 µg/mL。相比之下，法呢醇的 LC 值分别为 47.99、57.46 和 58.67 µg/mL。另一方面，角鲨烯、22,23-二氢角鲨烯表现出最高的死亡率，即 66.67%、53.33%和 60%，而法呢醇在 50 µg/mL 时，接触、残留和温室试验 72 h 后的死亡率分别为 30%、23.33%和 25%。本研究表明，角鲨烯、22,23-二氢角鲨烯对小菜蛾更有效，可能被引入作为合成化学农药的有效和合适替代品。
