Department of Work and Organisational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2020 Sep;33(5):530-544. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1763139. Epub 2020 May 12.
The tendency to repetitively and intrusively think about a particular negative event, goal failure, or problem (i.e., goal-directed rumination) is generally associated with impairments in well-being, thus decreasing performance in solving this failure. However, rumination is also associated with higher levels of resources invested in problem solving, likely leading to an improvement in performance.
The current study thus examines the indirect effect of rumination via various mediators on subjective problem-solving performance in the everyday context.
Over a period of two weeks, 147 students completed a brief survey each evening (i.e., diary study).
Data were analyzed by means of a multiple mediation model in the multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) framework.
The analyses revealed that perceived stress and negative mood negatively mediated the relationship between rumination and problem solving, while attention and effort positively mediated this relationship. Finally, both a negative direct and total effect of rumination on problem solving was observed.
Conclusively, goal-directed rumination exerted a negative indirect effect on subjective problem solving via perceived stress and negative mood, whereas it positively affected problem solving via attention and effort. Possible limitations and implications are discussed.
反复且侵入性地思考特定负面事件、目标失败或问题（即目标导向的沉思）的倾向通常与幸福感受损有关，从而降低了解决这一失败的表现。然而，沉思也与解决问题投入的更高水平的资源有关，这可能导致表现的提高。
本研究因此在日常环境中通过各种中介检验了沉思通过各种中介对主观问题解决表现的间接影响。
在两周的时间里，147 名学生每天晚上完成一份简短的调查（即日记研究）。
采用多层次结构方程建模（MSEM）框架中的多中介模型进行数据分析。
分析表明，感知压力和负面情绪负向中介了沉思与问题解决之间的关系，而注意力和努力则正向中介了这种关系。最后，沉思对问题解决既有负面的直接影响，也有总影响。
总之，目标导向的沉思通过感知压力和负面情绪对主观问题解决产生了负向间接影响，而通过注意力和努力则对问题解决产生了正向影响。讨论了可能的局限性和影响。
