Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany.
PLoS One. 2023 Nov 22;18(11):e0288450. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288450. eCollection 2023.
Based on previous studies, the present four experiments (total N = 468) aimed at investigating the effectivity of rumination induction in different experimental settings. We were particularly interested in rumination in the context of individual goal achievement and tested whether an instruction that referred to unresolved goals had a direct observable effect on state rumination. For this purpose, participants were asked to identify, evaluate, and focus on a personally relevant goal that was previously unresolved and still bothered them. In Experiment 1a to 1c, we compared three different modifications of the unresolved condition with shortened instructions with the elaborated unresolved condition and an additional control condition that did not refer to goals. In general, the results were mixed, but basically confirmed the effectiveness of the method used. Finally, in Experiment 2, we compared the two most promising versions of the unresolved condition and, by adding a goal-related control condition, we examined which control condition was best suited to maximize effects related to state rumination in future research. Results of various mixed ANOVAs demonstrated that a shortened version (in terms of shortened audio instructions) of the unresolved condition could be used as well as the original unresolved condition to induce reliable state rumination. The significance of the effects obtained with this method for real-life applications as well as approaches for future research are discussed.
基于先前的研究，本四项实验（总 N=468）旨在不同的实验环境下探究反刍诱导的效果。我们特别关注个体目标实现背景下的反刍，并检验提及未解决目标的指导是否会对状态反刍产生直接可观察的影响。为此，参与者被要求识别、评估并关注一个先前未解决且仍困扰他们的个人相关目标。在实验 1a 至 1c 中，我们将未解决条件的三种不同变体与缩短的指令与详细的未解决条件和不涉及目标的额外控制条件进行了比较。总的来说，结果喜忧参半，但基本证实了所使用方法的有效性。最后，在实验 2 中，我们比较了未解决条件的两种最有前途的变体，并通过添加与目标相关的控制条件，我们检验了哪种控制条件最适合在未来研究中最大化与状态反刍相关的效果。各种混合方差分析的结果表明，缩短版（指缩短的音频指导）的未解决条件以及原始的未解决条件都可以可靠地诱导出状态反刍。讨论了这种方法在实际应用中的意义，以及未来研究的方法。
