Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2020 May 28;22(20):11197-11218. doi: 10.1039/d0cp00693a. Epub 2020 May 12.
Compartmentalization is a fundamental principle in biology that is needed for the temporal and spatial separation of chemically incompatible reactions and biomolecules. Nano- or micro-sized compartments made of synthetic polymers are used to mimick this principle. The self-assembly of these polymers into vesicular objects is highly compatible with the integration of biomolecules, either into the lumen, the membrane or onto the surface of the vesicles. Thus, a great variety of biohybrid nano- and microscaled compartments has been developed exploiting the specific function and properties of targeting peptides, antibodies, enzymes, nucleic acids or lipids. Such biohybrid compartments have moved from simple systems encapsulating e.g. a model protein into complex multicompartmentalized structures that are able to combine the activity of different biomolecular cargos getting closer to the realization of artifical organelles or cells. Encapsulation of medically relevant cargos combined with careful design of the polymeric scaffold and specific surface functionalization have led to a significant progress in therapeutical applications such as targeted drug delivery or enzyme replacement therapy.
分隔化是生物学中的一个基本原理，它需要将化学反应和生物分子在时间和空间上分隔开。使用纳米或微米级的合成聚合物制成的隔间来模拟这一原理。这些聚合物自组装成囊泡状物体，非常适合将生物分子整合到腔、膜或囊泡表面。因此，利用靶向肽、抗体、酶、核酸或脂质的特定功能和特性，已经开发出了各种各样的生物杂交纳米和微尺度隔间。这些生物杂交隔间已经从简单的系统（例如，封装模型蛋白）发展到复杂的多隔间结构，这些结构能够结合不同生物分子货物的活性，更接近实现人工细胞器或细胞。将医学相关货物封装并结合聚合物支架的精心设计和特定表面功能化，在治疗应用方面取得了重大进展，如靶向药物输送或酶替代疗法。
