Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 367-700, Korea.
Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020;15(6):531-546. doi: 10.2174/1574888X15666200512105347.
Recent studies on the mechanisms that link metabolic changes with stem cell fate have deepened our understanding of how specific metabolic pathways can regulate various stem cell functions during the development of an organism. Although it was originally thought to be merely a consequence of the specific cell state, metabolism is currently known to play a critical role in regulating the self-renewal capacity, differentiation potential, and quiescence of stem cells. Many studies in recent years have revealed that metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell behaviors (e.g., selfrenewal, migration, and differentiation) by modulating energy production through glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation and by regulating the generation of metabolites, which can modulate multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of stem cell metabolism could allow us to establish optimal culture conditions and differentiation methods that would increase stem cell expansion and function for cell-based therapies. However, little is known about how metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell functions. In this context, we review the current advances in metabolic research that have revealed functional roles for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative stress during the self-renewal, differentiation and aging of various adult stem cell types. These approaches could provide novel strategies for the development of metabolic or pharmacological therapies to promote the regenerative potential of stem cells and subsequently promote their therapeutic utility.
最近关于代谢变化与干细胞命运之间联系的机制的研究加深了我们对特定代谢途径如何在生物体发育过程中调节各种干细胞功能的理解。尽管最初认为代谢只是特定细胞状态的结果，但目前已知代谢在调节干细胞的自我更新能力、分化潜能和静止状态方面起着关键作用。近年来的许多研究表明，代谢途径通过调节糖酵解或氧化磷酸化产生能量以及调节代谢物的产生来调节各种干细胞行为（例如自我更新、迁移和分化），从而调节多个信号通路。因此，更全面地了解干细胞代谢可以使我们建立最佳的培养条件和分化方法，从而增加基于细胞的治疗中干细胞的扩增和功能。然而，对于代谢途径如何调节各种干细胞功能知之甚少。在这种情况下，我们综述了代谢研究的最新进展，这些进展揭示了线粒体氧化磷酸化、无氧糖酵解和氧化应激在各种成体干细胞的自我更新、分化和衰老过程中的功能作用。这些方法可以为代谢或药理学治疗的发展提供新的策略，以促进干细胞的再生潜力，并随后促进其治疗用途。
