J Phys Act Health. 2020 May 11;17(6):662-672. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0237.
The progressive dysfunction of the immune system during aging appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of several age-related disorders. However, regular physical exercise can present "antiaging" effects on several physiological systems.
A narrative review of studies investigating the chronic effects of exercise and physical activity on the immune system and its association with age-related chronic diseases was carried out according to the guidelines for writing a narrative review.
There is compelling evidence suggesting that age-related immune system alterations play a key role on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic heart failure, type 2 diabetes, obesity, arthritis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. On the other hand, the regular practice of physical activity appears to improve most of the inflammatory/immunological processes involved in these diseases.
Epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies permit us to affirm that regular physical activity improves immunomodulation and may play a key role in the prevention and treatment of several age-related chronic diseases. However, further studies are needed to better describe the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of physical exercise in specific organs of older individuals, as well as the mechanisms involved in such response.
免疫系统在衰老过程中的逐渐功能障碍似乎与几种与年龄相关的疾病的发病机制有关。然而，有规律的体育锻炼对几个生理系统有“抗衰老”的影响。
根据叙述性综述的写作指南，对研究运动和身体活动对免疫系统的慢性影响及其与年龄相关的慢性疾病的关系的研究进行了叙述性综述。
有强有力的证据表明，与年龄相关的免疫系统改变在动脉粥样硬化、高血压、慢性心力衰竭、2 型糖尿病、肥胖、关节炎和慢性阻塞性肺疾病的病理生理学中起着关键作用。另一方面，有规律的体育锻炼似乎改善了这些疾病中涉及的大多数炎症/免疫过程。
流行病学、实验和临床研究使我们能够肯定有规律的体育活动改善免疫调节，并可能在预防和治疗几种与年龄相关的慢性疾病中发挥关键作用。然而，还需要进一步的研究来更好地描述身体活动对老年人特定器官的预防和治疗效果，以及这种反应所涉及的机制。
