从屠宰场的宰后检验结果看猪的健康与福利
The Health and Welfare of Pigs from the Perspective of Post Mortem Findings in Slaughterhouses.
作者信息
Vecerek Vladimir, Voslarova Eva, Semerad Zbynek, Passantino Annamaria
机构信息
Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
Central Veterinary Administration of the State Veterinary Administration, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
出版信息
Animals (Basel). 2020 May 9;10(5):825. doi: 10.3390/ani10050825.
The health and welfare of pigs was evaluated on the basis of the data on patho-anatomic findings obtained during the veterinary examination of pigs slaughtered in slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic in the period from 2010 to 2017. High numbers of lesions in organs found especially in lungs (finisher pigs 41%, sows 24% and piglets 52%), kidneys (finisher pigs 14%, sows 32% and piglets 15%) and liver (finisher pigs 12%, sows 18% and piglets 19 %) indicate impaired health and welfare of pigs transported for slaughter. The differences in the number of findings between finisher pigs, sows and piglets were statistically significant ( < 0.001). The character of most findings was chronic, which document health and welfare problems occurring on farms as a result of the current pig husbandry. However, acute findings were also detected and indicated processes occurring shortly before and during transport to the slaughterhouse. An important finding is the incidence of parasitic lesions in the liver in finisher pigs (finisher pigs 4%, sows 1% and piglets 1%) that documents persistent occurrence of parasitic invasions on pig farms. Findings of traumatic lesions on limbs in sows and piglets (finisher pigs 0.08%, sows 0.14% and piglets 0.15%) are far below the frequency of the findings in organs; however, their incidence should be further reduced by adjusting the technology of housing, transport and handling. In conclusion, the level of health and related welfare of pigs based on the assessment of post mortem findings in the slaughterhouses vary. Overall, the worst situation is in piglets, followed by sows and the best evaluated are finisher pigs. Post mortem inspection revealed significant numbers of patho-anatomic changes even in pigs considered fit to be transported to the slaughterhouse and slaughtered for human consumption. It is clear that there is still a considerable space for improving the level of health and welfare of the individual categories of pigs.
根据2010年至2017年期间在捷克共和国屠宰场对屠宰猪进行兽医检查时获得的病理解剖学发现数据，对猪的健康和福利进行了评估。在器官中发现大量病变，尤其是在肺部（育肥猪41%、母猪24%和仔猪52%）、肾脏（育肥猪14%、母猪32%和仔猪15%）和肝脏（育肥猪12%、母猪18%和仔猪19%），这表明运输到屠宰场的猪的健康和福利受到损害。育肥猪、母猪和仔猪的发现数量差异具有统计学意义（<0.001）。大多数发现的特征是慢性的，这证明了由于当前的养猪方式，农场中出现了健康和福利问题。然而，也检测到了急性发现，表明在运输到屠宰场之前和期间不久发生的过程。一个重要的发现是育肥猪肝脏中寄生虫病变的发生率（育肥猪4%、母猪1%和仔猪1%），这证明了养猪场中寄生虫感染持续存在。母猪和仔猪四肢创伤性病变的发现（育肥猪0.08%、母猪0.14%和仔猪0.15%）远低于器官中的发现频率；然而，通过调整饲养、运输和处理技术，其发生率应进一步降低。总之，根据屠宰场尸检结果评估的猪的健康和相关福利水平各不相同。总体而言，仔猪的情况最差，其次是母猪，评估最好的是育肥猪。尸检显示，即使在被认为适合运输到屠宰场并屠宰供人类食用的猪中，也有大量病理解剖学变化。显然，在提高各类猪的健康和福利水平方面仍有相当大的空间。
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