Alcoba Gabriel
Service de médecine tropicale et humanitaire, HUG, 1211 Genève 14.
Rev Med Suisse. 2020 May 13;16(693):984-988.
Sea bathing is often a priority activity for travelers, with widely recognized health benefits. The dangers, in contrast, are underestimated, especially in tropical seas. We describe the scope of marine envenoming, trauma, and infections, representing 1-3 % of tropical and travel medicine consultations in the literature. Our review includes the eco-epidemiology, clinical approach, and prevention of envenoming by invertebrates (jellyfish, anemone, sea-urchin, starfish, octopus, sea cone) and some vertebrates (stingrays, stone fish, snakes). We include penetrating trauma (by stingray, stonefish, sea urchin, coral) and infections (mycobacteria, marine bacteria). Eating-related dangers (ciguatera, fugu, parasites) are not described here. We also present antidotes, antivenoms, and first-aid.
海水浴通常是旅行者的一项重要活动，其对健康的益处已得到广泛认可。相比之下，其危险却被低估了，尤其是在热带海域。我们描述了海洋中毒、创伤和感染的范围，在文献中，这些占热带和旅行医学咨询案例的1%至3%。我们的综述包括生态流行病学、临床处理方法以及针对无脊椎动物（水母、海葵、海胆、海星、章鱼、海锥螺）和一些脊椎动物（黄貂鱼、石鱼、蛇）所致中毒的预防措施。我们还涵盖了穿透性创伤（由黄貂鱼、石鱼、海胆、珊瑚造成）和感染（分枝杆菌、海洋细菌）。此处未描述与饮食相关的危险（雪卡毒素、河豚毒素、寄生虫）。我们还介绍了解毒药、抗蛇毒血清和急救方法。
