Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2020 May 13;84(2). doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00080-19. Print 2020 May 20.
Gene expression profiling of the host response to HIV infection has promised to fill the gaps in our knowledge and provide new insights toward vaccine and cure. However, despite 20 years of research, the biggest questions remained unanswered. A literature review identified 62 studies examining gene expression dysregulation in samples from individuals living with HIV. Changes in gene expression were dependent on cell/tissue type, stage of infection, viremia, and treatment status. Some cell types, notably CD4 T cells, exhibit upregulation of cell cycle, interferon-related, and apoptosis genes consistent with depletion. Others, including CD8 T cells and natural killer cells, exhibit perturbed function in the absence of direct infection with HIV. Dysregulation is greatest during acute infection. Differences in study design and data reporting limit comparability of existing research and do not as yet provide a coherent overview of gene expression in HIV. This review outlines the extraordinarily complex host response to HIV and offers recommendations to realize the full potential of HIV host transcriptomics.
对宿主感染 HIV 反应的基因表达谱分析有望填补我们知识中的空白，并为疫苗和治疗提供新的见解。然而，尽管已经进行了 20 年的研究，最大的问题仍然没有得到解答。文献回顾确定了 62 项研究，这些研究检查了 HIV 感染者样本中基因表达失调的情况。基因表达的变化取决于细胞/组织类型、感染阶段、病毒血症和治疗状况。一些细胞类型，特别是 CD4 T 细胞，表现出细胞周期、干扰素相关和凋亡基因的上调，这与耗竭一致。其他细胞类型，包括 CD8 T 细胞和自然杀伤细胞，在没有直接感染 HIV 的情况下表现出功能紊乱。失调在急性感染期间最为严重。研究设计和数据报告的差异限制了现有研究的可比性，并且尚未提供 HIV 中基因表达的完整概述。本综述概述了宿主对 HIV 的极其复杂的反应，并提出了建议，以充分发挥 HIV 宿主转录组学的潜力。
