School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, China.
The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China.
J Toxicol Sci. 2020;45(5):281-291. doi: 10.2131/jts.45.281.
Despite the developmental toxicity reported in animals, few epidemiologic studies have investigated the potential effects of prenatal exposure to pyrethroid pesticides (PYRs) on fetal growth. A birth cohort study was conducted to examine the association between prenatal exposure to PYRs and birth outcomes, and a nested case-control study was conducted in this cohort to evaluate the effects of PYR on congenital defects. The assessment of PYR exposure was based on self-reported household pesticide use and urinary PYR metabolite levels. We found that pregnant women in this region were ubiquitously exposed to low-level PYRs, although few reported household pesticide use. Women who often ate bananas or cantaloupes had a higher level of urinary 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (DBCA), and the number of fruit types consumed by pregnant women was positively related to the concentrations of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA) and total PYR metabolites (P < 0.05). Increased urinary 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F3PBA), DBCA, and total PYR metabolites were associated with increased birth weight, length, and gestational age, and with decreased risk of small for gestational age (SGA) and/or premature birth. However, maternal household pesticides use was related to congenital anomalies. Thus, although prenatal exposure to low-dose PYRs promoted the fetal growth, the beneficial effects of fruit intake may outweigh the adverse effects of pesticide exposure. This study provided us an insight into the biological mechanisms for the effect of prenatal PYR exposure on fetal development, and suggested that further investigations in a larger study population with low-dose PYR exposure is needed.
尽管在动物身上已经报道了发育毒性，但很少有流行病学研究调查产前暴露于拟除虫菊酯类农药 (PYRs) 对胎儿生长的潜在影响。进行了一项出生队列研究，以研究产前暴露于 PYRs 与出生结局之间的关系，并在该队列中进行了一项嵌套病例对照研究，以评估 PYR 对先天性缺陷的影响。PYR 暴露的评估基于家庭使用农药的自我报告和尿液 PYR 代谢物水平。我们发现，该地区的孕妇普遍暴露于低水平的 PYRs，尽管很少有报告家庭使用农药。经常食用香蕉或哈密瓜的女性尿液中的 3-(2,2-二溴乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷-1-羧酸 (DBCA) 水平更高，孕妇食用的水果种类与 3-苯氧基苯甲酸 (3PBA) 和总 PYR 代谢物的浓度呈正相关 (P < 0.05)。尿液中 4-氟-3-苯氧基苯甲酸 (4F3PBA)、DBCA 和总 PYR 代谢物的增加与出生体重、身长和胎龄的增加以及小胎龄儿 (SGA) 和/或早产风险的降低有关。然而，母亲家庭使用农药与先天性异常有关。因此，尽管产前暴露于低剂量的 PYRs 促进了胎儿生长，但水果摄入的有益影响可能大于农药暴露的不利影响。本研究为产前 PYR 暴露对胎儿发育的影响的生物学机制提供了新的认识，并建议在暴露于低剂量 PYR 的更大研究人群中进一步进行研究。
