Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA.
Think Healthy Group, Inc., Washington, DC.
Menopause. 2020 Aug;27(8):879-886. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001555.
Menopause represents a period in which bone deterioration is accelerated; thus, primary prevention strategies to address age-related bone loss are crucial. Dairy products contain more than a dozen essential nutrients, including calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and high-quality protein, as well as bioactive compounds that may promote bone mineralization. However, the relationship between dairy consumption and bone health across the menopause transition remains largely unknown. The purpose of this analysis was to estimate the change in lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density and the risk of bone fracture by the frequency of dairy intakes among women across the menopausal transition using the publicly available data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.
We analyzed total dairy foods in four categories of <0.5, 0.5 to <1.5, 1.5 to <2.5, and ≥2.5 servings/d or <1.5 and ≥1.5 servings/d. A general linear model was used to estimate the association of dairy intake with the 10-year bone mineral density loss rate and a linear mixed model was used to estimate the annualized bone mineral density loss rate of the femoral neck and lumbar spine. A Cox proportional hazard model was applied to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the nontraumatic fractures. Poisson regression was used to determine the relative risks and 95% confidence intervals of the nontraumatic fractures. The models were controlled for race/ethnicity, age, height, weight, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, calcium use, menopausal status, and total caloric intake.
No significant differences in bone mineral density change were observed, regardless of baseline menopausal status. No significant differences in the risk of nontraumatic fracture were observed.
In this group of US women undergoing the menopausal transition, dairy food intake was neither associated with femoral and spine bone mineral density loss nor the risk of fractures.
绝经后骨质流失加速，因此针对与年龄相关的骨质流失，采取初级预防策略至关重要。乳制品含有十几种必需营养素，包括钙、磷、维生素 D 和高质量蛋白质，以及可能促进骨矿化的生物活性化合物。然而，绝经过渡期间乳制品消费与骨骼健康之间的关系在很大程度上仍不清楚。本分析旨在使用国家妇女健康研究中的公开数据，估计绝经过渡期间女性乳制品摄入量与腰椎和股骨颈骨密度变化及骨折风险之间的关系。
我们分析了乳制品的总摄入量，分为四类：<0.5、0.5-<1.5、1.5-<2.5 和≥2.5 份/天或<1.5 和≥1.5 份/天。采用一般线性模型估计乳制品摄入量与 10 年骨密度丢失率的关系，采用线性混合模型估计股骨颈和腰椎的年化骨密度丢失率。应用 Cox 比例风险模型计算非创伤性骨折的风险比和 95%置信区间。应用泊松回归确定非创伤性骨折的相对风险和 95%置信区间。模型控制了种族/民族、年龄、身高、体重、吸烟状况、身体活动、饮酒量、钙的使用、绝经状态和总热量摄入。
无论基线绝经状态如何，骨密度变化均无显著差异。非创伤性骨折风险也无显著差异。
在这群经历绝经过渡的美国女性中，乳制品的摄入与股骨和脊柱骨密度的丢失以及骨折风险无关。
