Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Drive, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Osteoporos Int. 2018 Feb;29(2):385-396. doi: 10.1007/s00198-017-4285-8. Epub 2017 Oct 27.
The role of dairy foods for hip fracture prevention remains controversial. In this study, among US men and women, a glass of milk per day was associated with an 8% lower risk of hip fracture. This contrasts with a reported increased risk with higher milk intake in Swedish women.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether higher milk and dairy food consumption are associated with risk of hip fracture in older adults following a report of an increased risk for milk in Swedish women.
In two US cohorts, 80,600 postmenopausal women and 43,306 men over 50 years of age were followed for up to 32 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the relative risks (RR) of hip fracture per daily serving of milk (240 mL) and other dairy foods that were assessed every 4 years, controlling for other dietary intakes, BMI, height, smoking, activity, medications, and disease diagnoses.
Two thousand one hundred thirty-eight incident hip fractures were identified in women and 694 in men. Each serving of milk per day was associated with a significant 8% lower risk of hip fracture in men and women combined (RR = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87 to 0.97). A suggestive inverse association was found for cheese in women only (RR = 0.91, CI 0.81 to 1.02). Yogurt consumption was low and not associated with risk. Total dairy food intake, of which milk contributed about half, was associated with a significant 6% lower risk of hip fracture per daily serving in men and women (RR = 0.94, CI 0.90 to 0.98). Calcium, vitamin D, and protein from non-dairy sources did not modify the association between milk and hip fracture, nor was it explained by contributions of these nutrients from milk.
In this group of older US adults, higher milk consumption was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture.
乳制品在预防髋部骨折方面的作用仍存在争议。本研究中，在美国男性和女性中，每天饮用一杯牛奶与髋部骨折风险降低 8%相关。这与瑞典女性中报道的更高牛奶摄入量与更高风险形成对比。
本研究旨在检验在瑞典女性中报告牛奶摄入与髋部骨折风险增加之后，较高的牛奶和乳制品摄入量是否与老年人髋部骨折风险相关。
在两个美国队列中，80600 名绝经后女性和 43306 名 50 岁以上男性随访长达 32 年。使用 Cox 比例风险模型计算每日常规牛奶（240 毫升）和其他乳制品的每日摄入量与髋部骨折风险的相对风险（RR），每 4 年评估一次，同时控制其他饮食摄入、BMI、身高、吸烟、活动、药物和疾病诊断。
在女性和男性中，共发现 2138 例髋部骨折事件。每天饮用一杯牛奶与男性和女性髋部骨折风险显著降低 8%相关（RR=0.92，95%置信区间（CI）0.87 至 0.97）。仅在女性中发现奶酪呈相反的负相关（RR=0.91，CI 0.81 至 1.02）。酸奶的摄入量较低，与风险无关。其中牛奶约占一半的总乳制品摄入量与男性和女性髋部骨折风险降低 6%显著相关（RR=0.94，CI 0.90 至 0.98）。非乳制品来源的钙、维生素 D 和蛋白质不会改变牛奶与髋部骨折之间的关联，也不能解释牛奶中这些营养素的贡献。
在这组美国老年人中，较高的牛奶摄入量与髋部骨折风险降低相关。
