Francis Peter, Schofield Grant
Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland.
Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2020 Apr 21;6(1):e000577. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000577. eCollection 2020.
Understanding the current prevalence and incidence of running injury from an evolutionary perspective has sparked great debate. Proponents of the evolutionary approach to understanding running injury suggest that humans ran using less injurious biomechanics prior to the invention of cushioned running shoes. Those who disagree with this view, point to the many runners, wearing cushioned running shoes, who do not get injured and suggest that the evolutionary approach is indulging in a 'natural fallacy'. This polarises the scientific debate into discrete categories such as 'shod' vs 'barefoot'. This review aims, first, to describe humans' innate impact moderating mechanisms which arise from our evolutionary legacy. Second, we discuss the impact of footwear on these mechanisms and the potential link to injury in some runners. Finally, we discuss the role of barefoot training in sports medicine and attempt to make some practical suggestions as to how it might be integrated in our modern urban environments.
从进化的角度理解当前跑步损伤的患病率和发病率引发了激烈的争论。支持用进化方法来理解跑步损伤的人认为，在缓冲跑鞋发明之前，人类跑步时使用的生物力学方式更不容易受伤。那些不同意这种观点的人指出，许多穿着缓冲跑鞋的跑步者并没有受伤，并认为进化方法陷入了一种“自然谬误”。这将科学辩论两极分化为诸如“穿鞋跑”与“赤脚跑”等不同类别。本综述旨在，首先，描述源自我们进化遗产的人类天生的冲击调节机制。其次，我们讨论鞋类对这些机制的影响以及与一些跑步者受伤的潜在联系。最后，我们讨论赤脚训练在运动医学中的作用，并尝试就如何将其融入我们现代城市环境提出一些实用建议。
