Human Nutrition Department, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Adv Nutr. 2020 Sep 1;11(5):1201-1210. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa051.
Growing evidence suggests that personality traits play a role in obesity and cardiometabolic health. In addition, irregularity of food intake has emerged as a potential risk factor for obesity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies suggest that when we eat, termed "chrono-nutrition," may be as important to what we eat. This concept covers 3 aspects: 1) irregularity of energy intake in meals (varying amounts of energy intake throughout the day and at different times from one day to the next), 2) frequency (number of meals per day), and 3) timing of food intake (actual time of day). A narrative review was conducted to identify literature evaluating the effect of personality on chrono-nutrition and subsequently obesity and cardiometabolic health. The search focused on research published since 2000 in MEDLINE using the search terms "personality," "chrono-nutrition," "cardiometabolic," "BMI," "obesity," and "metabolic rate." Findings indicate an inverse relation between conscientiousness and obesity, with people who are more conscientious having a lower risk of obesity. Furthermore, time of day of energy intake has been linked to obesity, since meals consumed in the evening have been associated with lower resting metabolic rate. Inconsistent timing and frequency of meals have also been linked to increased body weight and worse cardiometabolic health. Together, the data indicate that eating meals at the same time every day at regular intervals might be the reason why those who score high in conscientiousness are able to maintain a healthier weight. Despite the reviewed observational evidence, there is an apparent gap in the existing literature on the interplay between personality, chrono-nutrition, and obesity and particularly on how dietary interventions should be designed considering different personality traits. Future research is needed to clarify this association and how it interacts with other factors, thus elucidating the role of chrono-nutrition in health.
越来越多的证据表明，人格特质在肥胖和心脏代谢健康中起作用。此外，进食不规律已成为肥胖、心血管疾病和代谢综合征的潜在危险因素。最近的研究表明，我们进食的时间（称为“chrono-nutrition”）可能与我们所吃的食物一样重要。这个概念涵盖了 3 个方面：1）饮食中能量摄入的不规律（一天中不同时间和不同日子的能量摄入量不同），2）频率（每天用餐的次数），3）食物摄入的时间（实际的一天中的时间）。本文进行了叙述性综述，以确定评估人格对 chrono-nutrition 以及随后肥胖和心脏代谢健康影响的文献。该搜索集中在自 2000 年以来在 MEDLINE 上发表的研究，使用的搜索词是“人格”、“chrono-nutrition”、“心脏代谢”、“BMI”、“肥胖”和“代谢率”。研究结果表明，责任心与肥胖呈负相关，责任心较强的人肥胖的风险较低。此外，能量摄入的时间与肥胖有关，因为晚上摄入的餐食与较低的静息代谢率有关。饮食时间和频率不规律也与体重增加和心脏代谢健康状况恶化有关。总的来说，数据表明，每天在固定时间规律地进食可能是那些责任心强的人能够保持更健康体重的原因。尽管有综述观察性证据，但现有文献在人格、chrono-nutrition、肥胖以及特别是考虑到不同人格特质的情况下，饮食干预应该如何设计之间的相互作用方面显然存在差距。需要进一步的研究来阐明这种关联以及它如何与其他因素相互作用，从而阐明 chrono-nutrition 在健康中的作用。
