Hoff Eva V, Daukantaitė Daiva, Birgerstam Pirjo
Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Front Psychol. 2020 Apr 28;11:802. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00802. eCollection 2020.
International research has found changes in how today's young people evaluate themselves. The present Swedish research contributes with new findings by distinguishing different patterns of change in self-evaluation in two age groups. The study investigates generational and gender differences in five self-evaluation dimensions in two samples, one from 1983 ( = 3052 10-16-year-old students) and one from 2013 ( = 1303 10-18-year-old students). Three age groups were analyzed. The for primary school () showed higher scores in 2013 than in 1983 for all five self-evaluation dimensions. Interactions between generation and gender were found for psychological well-being, relations to others, school competence evaluations, and the total score, demonstrating, in contrast to international research, a greater increase for girls than for boys. Noteworthy is that girls in primary school had higher scores in 2013. for () demonstrated higher scores for school competence, relational self-evaluations, and a total higher score in 2013. Interactions between generation and gender were found for total, physical, and psychological well-being evaluation scores, indicating an increase for boys and a decrease for girls in 2013 compared to 1983. for secondary (), showed gender differences for physical, psychological well-being, school competence evaluations, and for the total score to the advantage of boys. The study discusses changes in self-evaluation in relation to phenomena such as permissive child-rearing, decreased demands in school, increased self-enhancement behavior through social media, and narrow body ideals in today's society. The study recommends that interventions directed toward groups with low self-evaluation scores should be considered.
国际研究发现了当今年轻人评价自己方式的变化。瑞典目前的这项研究通过区分两个年龄组自我评价变化的不同模式，得出了新的研究结果。该研究调查了两个样本在五个自我评价维度上的代际差异和性别差异，一个样本来自1983年（3052名10 - 16岁学生），另一个来自2013年（1303名10 - 18岁学生）。分析了三个年龄组。小学组（）在2013年所有五个自我评价维度上的得分均高于1983年。在心理健康、与他人的关系、学校能力评价和总分方面发现了代际和性别的相互作用，这表明与国际研究不同，女孩的增长幅度大于男孩。值得注意的是，2013年小学女生得分更高。中学组（）在2013年的学校能力、关系自我评价和总分方面得分更高。在总分、身体和心理健康评价得分方面发现了代际和性别的相互作用，表明与1983年相比，2013年男孩得分增加而女孩得分下降。高中组（）在身体、心理健康、学校能力评价和总分方面存在性别差异，男孩占优势。该研究讨论了自我评价的变化与诸如宽松的育儿方式、学校要求降低、通过社交媒体增加的自我强化行为以及当今社会狭隘的身体理想等现象的关系。该研究建议应考虑针对自我评价得分较低群体的干预措施。
