Hu Zenglei, Ni Jie, Cao Yongzhong, Liu Xiufan
Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 May 14;8(2):222. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020222.
It has been 20 years since Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was first used as a vector. The past two decades have witnessed remarkable progress in vaccine generation based on the NDV vector and optimization of the vector. Protective antigens of a variety of pathogens have been expressed in the NDV vector to generate novel vaccines for animals and humans, highlighting a great potential of NDV as a vaccine vector. More importantly, the research work also unveils a major problem restraining the NDV vector vaccines in poultry, i.e., the interference from maternally derived antibody (MDA). Although many efforts have been taken to overcome MDA interference, a lack of understanding of the mechanism of vaccination inhibition by MDA in poultry still hinders vaccine improvement. In this review, we outline the history of NDV as a vaccine vector by highlighting some milestones. The recent advances in the development of NDV-vectored vaccines or therapeutics for animals and humans are discussed. Particularly, we focus on the mechanisms and hypotheses of vaccination inhibition by MDA and the efforts to circumvent MDA interference with the NDV vector vaccines. Perspectives to fill the gap of understanding concerning the mechanism of MDA interference in poultry and to improve the NDV vector vaccines are also proposed.
新城疫病毒（NDV）首次被用作载体至今已有20年。在过去的二十年里，基于NDV载体的疫苗研发以及载体优化取得了显著进展。多种病原体的保护性抗原已在NDV载体中表达，从而开发出针对动物和人类的新型疫苗，凸显了NDV作为疫苗载体的巨大潜力。更重要的是，研究工作还揭示了限制家禽中NDV载体疫苗的一个主要问题，即母源抗体（MDA）的干扰。尽管已经采取了许多措施来克服MDA的干扰，但对家禽中MDA抑制疫苗接种机制的缺乏了解仍然阻碍着疫苗的改进。在这篇综述中，我们通过突出一些里程碑事件来概述NDV作为疫苗载体的历史。讨论了用于动物和人类的NDV载体疫苗或治疗方法的最新进展。特别地，我们关注MDA抑制疫苗接种的机制和假说，以及为规避MDA对NDV载体疫苗的干扰所做的努力。还提出了填补在家禽中MDA干扰机制理解空白以及改进NDV载体疫苗的展望。
