Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina (INBIOMED), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
J Endocrinol Invest. 2021 Jan;44(1):63-74. doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01267-9. Epub 2020 May 19.
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are key risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Little information exists on the prevalence of obesity and MetS in Latin America and specifically in Ecuador. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and MetS among adults in Ecuador.
We analyzed data from a nation-wide population-based survey in Ecuador (ENSANUT-ECU) among 10,318 participants (3684 men, 6634 women; age range: 18-59 years) conducted in 2012. Data related to residential location (urban versus rural), altitude (< 500, 500-1500 or > 1500 m above sea level (MASL)), region (highland, coast, amazon, or Galápagos), and socioeconomic status were collected. BMI, waist circumference, blood lipids, glucose, and blood pressure were measured by trained fieldworkers following standardized procedures.
The age-standardized prevalence of overweight was 39.5%; 22.3% was obese; and 31.2% had MetS. The prevalence of obesity, low HDL-cholesterol, and abdominal obesity were higher in women than in men, whereas men had a higher prevalence of hypertension (p < 0.05). Sex differences were not observed regarding the prevalence of combined MetS. Prevalence of both obesity and MetS was higher in urban areas, at low altitude regions (coast and Galapagos), and at high socioeconomic status (all p < 0.05).
Prevalence of obesity and MetS in Ecuador are high. There are important demographic differences in the prevalence of MetS between Ecuadorian subpopulations that requires targeted research and prevention efforts, to hold and reduce the current public health problem of metabolic disorders.
肥胖和代谢综合征（MetS）是 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病的关键风险因素。关于拉丁美洲，特别是厄瓜多尔的肥胖和 MetS 患病率，信息很少。我们旨在估计厄瓜多尔成年人超重、肥胖和 MetS 的患病率。
我们分析了 2012 年在厄瓜多尔进行的一项全国性基于人群的调查（ENSANUT-ECU）的数据，该调查共有 10318 名参与者（3684 名男性，6634 名女性；年龄范围：18-59 岁）。收集了与居住地点（城市与农村）、海拔（<500、500-1500 或>1500 米以上海平面）、地区（高地、海岸、亚马逊或加拉帕戈斯）和社会经济地位相关的数据。由经过培训的现场工作人员按照标准化程序测量 BMI、腰围、血脂、血糖和血压。
年龄标准化的超重患病率为 39.5%；22.3%为肥胖；31.2%患有 MetS。女性的肥胖、低 HDL-胆固醇和腹部肥胖患病率高于男性，而男性的高血压患病率较高（p<0.05）。关于联合 MetS 的患病率，男女之间没有性别差异。肥胖和 MetS 的患病率在城市地区、低海拔地区（沿海和加拉帕戈斯）以及高社会经济地位较高（均 p<0.05）。
厄瓜多尔肥胖和 MetS 的患病率很高。厄瓜多尔亚人群中 MetS 的患病率存在重要的人口统计学差异，需要有针对性的研究和预防措施，以遏制和减少当前代谢紊乱的公共卫生问题。
