Morales-Hojas Ramiro, Gonzalez-Uriarte Asier, Alvira Iraizoz Fernando, Jenkins Todd, Alderson Lynda, Kruger Tracey, Hall Mike J, Greenslade Alex, Shortall Chris R, Bell James R
Rothamsted Insect Survey, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK.
EBI Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK.
Evol Appl. 2020 Feb 3;13(5):1009-1025. doi: 10.1111/eva.12917. eCollection 2020 May.
Genetic diversity is the determinant for pest species' success and vector competence. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that determine the genetic diversity is fundamental to help identify the spatial scale at which pest populations are best managed. In the present study, we present the first comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity and evolution of , a major pest of cereals and a main vector of the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), in England. We have used a genotyping-by-sequencing approach to study whether (a) there is any underlying population genetic structure at a national and regional scale in this pest that can disperse long distances; (b) the populations evolve as a response to environmental change and selective pressures; and (c) the populations comprise anholocyclic lineages. Individual were collected using the Rothamsted Insect Survey's suction-trap network at several sites across England between 2004 and 2016 as part of the RIS long-term nationwide surveillance. Results identified two genetic clusters in England that mostly corresponded to a North-South division, although gene flow is ongoing between the two subpopulations. These genetic clusters do not correspond to different life cycle types, and cyclical parthenogenesis is predominant in England. Results also show that there is dispersal with gene flow across England, although there is a reduction between the northern and southern sites with the south-western population being the most genetically differentiated. There is no evidence for isolation by distance and other factors such as primary host distribution, uncommon in the south and absent in the south-west, could influence the dispersal patterns. Finally, results also show no evidence for the evolution of the population, and it is demographically stable despite the ongoing environmental change. These results are discussed in view of their relevance to pest management and the transmission of BYDV.
遗传多样性是害虫物种成功以及传病能力的决定因素。了解决定遗传多样性的生态和进化过程，对于帮助确定害虫种群最佳管理的空间尺度至关重要。在本研究中，我们首次对英格兰一种主要的谷物害虫以及大麦黄矮病毒（BYDV）的主要传播媒介——[害虫名称未给出]的遗传多样性和进化进行了全面分析。我们采用了简化基因组测序方法来研究：（a）这种能够远距离扩散的害虫在国家和区域尺度上是否存在潜在的种群遗传结构；（b）种群是否因环境变化和选择压力而进化；（c）种群是否包含不全周期谱系。作为RIS长期全国监测的一部分，2004年至2016年间，我们利用洛桑试验站昆虫调查的吸虫器网络在英格兰各地的多个地点采集了[害虫名称未给出]个体。结果在英格兰确定了两个遗传簇，它们大多对应南北划分，尽管两个亚种群之间仍存在基因流动。这些遗传簇与不同的生命周期类型不对应，在英格兰，周期性孤雌生殖占主导。结果还表明，尽管英格兰各地存在基因流动的扩散，但南北地点之间存在减少，西南部种群的遗传分化最大。没有证据表明存在距离隔离，其他因素如主要寄主分布在南部不常见且在西南部不存在，可能会影响扩散模式。最后，结果也没有显示[害虫名称未给出]种群进化的证据，尽管环境在持续变化，但该种群在人口统计学上是稳定的。我们将根据这些结果与害虫管理以及BYDV传播的相关性进行讨论。
