Chapin J W, Thomas J S, Gray S M, Smith D M, Halbert S E
Department of Entomology, Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC 29817, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2001 Apr;94(2):410-21. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-94.2.410.
Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) seasonal flight activity and abundance in wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and the significance of aphid species as vectors of barley yellow dwarf virus were studied over a nine-year period in the South Carolina coastal plain. Four aphid species colonized wheat in a consistent seasonal pattern. Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and rice root aphid, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki), colonized seedlingwheat immediately after crop emergence, with apterous colonies usually peaking in December or January and then declining for the remainder of the season. These two aphid species are unlikely to cause economic loss on wheat in South Carolina, thus crop managers should not have to sample for the subterranean R. rufiabdominalis colonies. Bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), was the second most abundant species and the most economically important. Rhopalosiphum padi colonies usually remained below 10/row-meter until peaking in February or March. Barley yellow dwarf incidence and wheat yield loss were significantly correlated with R. padi peak abundance and aphid-day accumulation on the crop. Based on transmission assays, R. padi was primarily responsible for vectoring the predominant virus serotype (PAV) we found in wheat. Pest management efforts should focus on sampling for and suppressing this aphid species. December planting reduced aphid-day accumulation and barley yellow dwarf incidence, but delayed planting is not a practical management option. English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), was the last species to colonize wheat each season, and the most abundant. Sitobion avenae was responsible for late-season virus transmission and caused direct yield loss by feeding on heads and flag leaves during an outbreak year.
在南卡罗来纳州沿海平原的九年时间里，研究了蚜虫（同翅目：蚜科）在小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）上的季节性飞行活动和数量，以及蚜虫种类作为大麦黄矮病毒传播媒介的重要性。四种蚜虫以一致的季节性模式在小麦上定殖。麦二叉蚜（Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)）和稻根蚜（Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki)）在作物出苗后立即定殖于小麦幼苗，无翅蚜群体通常在12月或1月达到峰值，然后在该季节剩余时间下降。这两种蚜虫不太可能在南卡罗来纳州的小麦上造成经济损失，因此作物管理者无需对地下的稻根蚜群体进行抽样。禾谷缢管蚜（Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)）是第二丰富的物种，也是最具经济重要性的物种。禾谷缢管蚜群体通常在2月或3月达到峰值之前一直低于每米行10头。大麦黄矮病发病率和小麦产量损失与禾谷缢管蚜的峰值数量以及作物上的蚜日积累显著相关。基于传播试验，禾谷缢管蚜是我们在小麦中发现的主要病毒血清型（PAV）的主要传播媒介。害虫管理工作应集中于对该蚜虫种类进行抽样并加以抑制。12月播种减少了蚜日积累和大麦黄矮病发病率，但延迟播种不是一个可行的管理选择。麦长管蚜（Sitobion avenae (F.)）是每个季节最后定殖于小麦的物种，也是最丰富的物种。麦长管蚜负责后期病毒传播，并在爆发年份通过取食麦穗和旗叶导致直接产量损失。
