Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Biomater Sci. 2020 Jun 21;8(12):3472-3484. doi: 10.1039/d0bm00370k. Epub 2020 May 20.
Dental caries in children is a leading worldwide oral health concern. Combining antibacterial and remineralizing additives within dental sealants is a promising approach for caries prevention. Saliva contains oral bacteria that are indicative of the whole oral microbiome and may have the ability to reflect the dysbiosis present in patients with dental caries. Here, we used the saliva of children at a low and high risk of caries to culture microcosm biofilms resembling caries-associated microbial communities and investigated the changes in the biofilms promoted by the formulated dental sealants containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), a quaternary ammonium monomer, and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). Ten volunteers were selected from each caries-risk condition for saliva collection. Biofilms were grown on the tested sealant samples using a 48 h-microcosm biofilm model. The biofilm growth, metabolic behavior, and bacterial acid production were combined with 16S rRNA sequencing analysis for the assessment of the biofilm grown over the material. The DMAHDM-NACP dental sealant formulations promoted a significant reduction in the population of mutans streptococci, total streptococci, lactobacilli, and total microorganisms in the biofilms regardless of the risk status of the donor child's saliva (p < 0.05). Metabolic and lactic acid production was greatly reduced when in contact with the DMAHDM-NACP sealants in both the sources of inoculum. The relative abundance of the Streptococcus genera derived from patients at a high risk of caries was reduced on contact with the antibacterial sealant. The dental sealant formulations were effective in modulating the growth of the biofilm derived from the saliva of children at a low and high risk of caries. The sealants formulated herein with dual functions and purpose for biointeractivity to prevent biofilm formation and mineral loss can be a reliable complementary strategy to decrease the incidence of carious lesions in children at a high risk of caries.
儿童龋齿是全球范围内主要的口腔健康问题之一。在牙釉质封闭剂中添加抗菌和再矿化添加剂是预防龋齿的一种很有前途的方法。唾液中含有口腔细菌，这些细菌可以反映整个口腔微生物组的情况，并且可能具有反映龋齿患者体内微生态失调的能力。在这里，我们使用低龋风险和高龋风险儿童的唾液来培养类似于与龋齿相关的微生物群落的微观生物膜，并研究了含有二甲氨基十六烷基甲基丙烯酸酯（DMAHDM）和无定形磷酸钙纳米颗粒（NACP）的配方牙釉质封闭剂促进生物膜变化。从每个龋病风险条件中选择了 10 名志愿者进行唾液采集。使用 48 小时微观生物膜模型在测试的密封剂样品上培养生物膜。将生物膜的生长、代谢行为和细菌产酸与 16S rRNA 测序分析相结合，评估材料上生长的生物膜。DMAHDM-NACP 牙釉质封闭剂配方无论供体儿童唾液的风险状况如何，都能显著减少生物膜中变异链球菌、总链球菌、乳杆菌和总微生物的数量（p < 0.05）。与 DMAHDM-NACP 密封剂接触时，代谢和乳酸产量大大降低。与抗菌密封剂接触时，来源于高龋风险患者的链球菌属的相对丰度降低。这些具有双重功能和生物相互作用目的的牙釉质封闭剂配方可有效调节来自低龋风险和高龋风险儿童的唾液的生物膜的生长。这些配方具有防止生物膜形成和矿物质损失的双重功能，可能是减少高龋风险儿童龋齿发病率的可靠补充策略。
