College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 5;24(9):8295. doi: 10.3390/ijms24098295.
Secondary caries is one of the leading causes of resin-based dental restoration failure. It is initiated at the interface of an existing restoration and the restored tooth surface. It is mainly caused by an imbalance between two processes of mineral loss (demineralization) and mineral gain (remineralization). A plethora of evidence has explored incorporating several bioactive compounds into resin-based materials to prevent bacterial biofilm attachment and the onset of the disease. In this review, the most recent advances in the design of remineralizing compounds and their functionalization to different resin-based materials' formulations were overviewed. Inorganic compounds, such as nano-sized amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), calcium fluoride (CaF), bioactive glass (BAG), hydroxyapatite (HA), fluorapatite (FA), and boron nitride (BN), displayed promising results concerning remineralization, and direct and indirect impact on biofilm growth. The effects of these compounds varied based on these compounds' structure, the incorporated amount or percentage, and the intended clinical application. The remineralizing effects were presented as direct effects, such as an increase in the mineral content of the dental tissue, or indirect effects, such as an increase in the pH around the material. In some of the reported investigations, inorganic remineralizing compounds were combined with other bioactive agents, such as quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), to maximize the remineralization outcomes and the antibacterial action against the cariogenic biofilms. The reviewed literature was mainly based on laboratory studies, highlighting the need to shift more toward testing the performance of these remineralizing compounds in clinical settings.
继发龋是导致树脂基牙体修复失败的主要原因之一。它起始于现有修复体与修复牙面之间的界面处。其主要由矿物质丢失（脱矿）和矿物质获得（再矿化）两个过程之间的失衡引起。大量证据已经探索了将几种生物活性化合物掺入树脂基材料中，以防止细菌生物膜附着和疾病的发生。在这篇综述中，概述了设计再矿化化合物及其功能化到不同树脂基材料配方的最新进展。无机化合物，如纳米级无定形磷酸钙（NACP）、氟化钙（CaF）、生物活性玻璃（BAG）、羟基磷灰石（HA）、氟磷灰石（FA）和氮化硼（BN），在再矿化方面显示出了有希望的结果，并且对生物膜生长有直接和间接的影响。这些化合物的效果因这些化合物的结构、掺入量或百分比以及预期的临床应用而异。这些化合物的再矿化效果表现为直接效果，例如牙组织矿物质含量的增加，或间接效果，例如材料周围 pH 值的增加。在一些报道的研究中，无机再矿化化合物与其他生物活性剂（如季铵化合物（QACs））结合使用，以最大限度地提高再矿化效果和对致龋生物膜的抗菌作用。综述的文献主要基于实验室研究，强调需要更多地转向测试这些再矿化化合物在临床环境中的性能。
