J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020 Oct;59(10):1107-1124. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.005. Epub 2020 May 18.
Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. As reviewed in this guideline, both cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication have considerable empirical support as safe and effective short-term treatments for anxiety in children and adolescents. Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) medication has some empirical support as an additional treatment option. In the context of a protracted severe shortage of child and adolescent-trained behavioral health specialists, research demonstrating convenient, efficient, cost-effective, and user-friendly delivery mechanisms for safe and effective treatments for child and adolescent anxiety disorders is an urgent priority. The comparative effectiveness of anxiety treatments, delineation of mediators and moderators of effective anxiety treatments, long-term effects of SSRI and SNRI use in children and adolescents, and additional evaluation of the degree of suicide risk associated with SSRIs and SNRIs remain other key research needs.
焦虑障碍是儿童和青少年中最常见的精神障碍之一。正如本指南所综述的，认知行为疗法（CBT）和选择性 5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRI）药物都有相当多的经验证据支持，可作为儿童和青少年焦虑的安全有效的短期治疗方法。5-羟色胺去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂（SNRI）药物也有一些经验证据支持作为额外的治疗选择。在儿童和青少年训练有素的行为健康专家长期严重短缺的情况下，对于儿童和青少年焦虑障碍的安全有效治疗方法，展示方便、高效、具有成本效益且易于使用的传递机制的研究是当务之急。焦虑治疗的比较效果、有效焦虑治疗的中介和调节因素的描述、SSRI 和 SNRI 在儿童和青少年中的长期使用效果，以及对与 SSRIs 和 SNRIs 相关的自杀风险程度的进一步评估仍然是其他关键研究需求。
