Renna Megan E, Fresco David M, Mennin Douglas S
Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
Department of Psychiatry & Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks). 2020 Feb 13;4:2470547020905787. doi: 10.1177/2470547020905787. eCollection 2020 Jan-Dec.
Although stress is an inevitable part of everyday life, its chronicity, severity, and perceived burden can result in enduring distress, which may manifest as heightened emotionality, contributing to a number of self-regulatory failures. Specifically, distress disorders are characterized, in part, by heightened sensitivity to underlying motivational systems related to threat/safety, reward/loss, or both. Further, individuals suffering from these conditions typically engage in perseverate negative thinking (e.g., worry, rumination, self-criticism) in an effort to manage motivationally relevant distress and often utilize these processes at the detriment of engaging in new contextual learning. Distress disorders are often brought on by enduring chronic stress, coupled with these maladaptive emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses and ensuing impairment which contribute to and in turn worsen the deficits from these purported mechanisms. Emotion regulation therapy is a theoretically derived treatment that is based upon affective science to offer a blueprint for improving intervention by focusing on targeting the motivational responses and corresponding regulatory failures of individuals with distress disorders. Open and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated considerable preliminary evidence for the utility of emotion regulation therapy and its proposed mechanisms in treating the distress conditions.
尽管压力是日常生活中不可避免的一部分，但其长期性、严重性和感知到的负担可能导致持久的痛苦，这可能表现为情绪高涨，进而导致一些自我调节失败。具体而言，痛苦障碍的部分特征是对与威胁/安全、奖励/损失或两者相关的潜在动机系统高度敏感。此外，患有这些疾病的个体通常会持续进行消极思维（如担忧、沉思、自我批评），以努力应对与动机相关的痛苦，并且常常利用这些过程，却损害了参与新情境学习的能力。痛苦障碍通常由持久的慢性压力引发，再加上这些适应不良的情绪、认知和行为反应以及随之而来的损害，这些因素相互作用，进而加剧了这些所谓机制所导致的缺陷。情绪调节疗法是一种基于情感科学理论推导出来的治疗方法，通过关注痛苦障碍个体的动机反应和相应的调节失败，为改善干预提供了一个蓝图。开放试验和随机对照试验已经证明了情绪调节疗法及其提出的机制在治疗痛苦状况方面具有相当多的初步证据。
