Using Electronic Monitoring Devices to Assess Medication Adherence: a Research Methods Framework.

While electronic adherence monitoring devices (EAMDs) are the preferred and most objective medication adherence measurement strategy for many populations and research questions, there is no comprehensive methodological framework for EAMD use. We synthesize recommendations from experts in adherence science and the scientific literature to create a temporal framework of EAMD research methods. The goal of this framework is to provide a step-by-step guide that will enable researchers to design, prepare, implement, and clean data from rigorous, high-quality studies using EAMDs to assess adherence. Resources including a checklist of methodological considerations and example protocols have been created to assist readers in using this framework.