Niu Zhaomeng, Willoughby Jessica Fitts, Mei Jing, Li Shaochun, Hu Pengwei
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
J Med Internet Res. 2020 May 11;22(5):e15817. doi: 10.2196/15817.
Approximately 42.5 million adults have been affected by mental illness in the United States in 2013, and 173 million people have been affected by a diagnosable psychiatric disorder in China. An increasing number of people tend to seek health information on the Web, and it is important to understand the factors associated with individuals' mental health information seeking. Identifying factors associated with mental health information seeking may influence the disease progression of potential patients. The planned risk information seeking model (PRISM) was developed in 2010 by integrating multiple information seeking models including the theory of planned behavior. Few studies have replicated PRISM outside the United States and no previous study has examined mental health as a personal risk in different cultures.
This study aimed to test the planned risk information seeking model (PRISM) in China and the United States with a chronic disease, mental illness, and two additional factors, ie, media use and cultural identity, among college students.
Data were collected in both countries using the same online survey through a survey management program (Qualtrics). In China, college instructors distributed the survey link among university students, and it was also posted on a leading social media site called Sina Weibo. In the United States, the data were collected in a college-wide survey pool in a large Northwestern university.
The final sample size was 235 for the Chinese sample and 241 for the US sample. Media use was significantly associated with mental health information-seeking intentions in the Chinese sample (P<.001), and cultural identity was significantly associated with intentions in both samples (China: P=.02; United States: P<.001). The extended PRISM had a better model fit than the original PRISM.
Cultural identity and media use should be considered when evaluating the process of mental health information seeking or when designing interventions to address mental health information seeking.
2013年，美国约有4250万成年人受到精神疾病影响，而中国有1.73亿人受到可诊断的精神疾病困扰。越来越多的人倾向于在网上寻求健康信息，了解与个人心理健康信息寻求相关的因素很重要。识别与心理健康信息寻求相关的因素可能会影响潜在患者的疾病进展。计划风险信息寻求模型（PRISM）于2010年通过整合包括计划行为理论在内的多种信息寻求模型而开发。在美国以外很少有研究复制PRISM，以前也没有研究在不同文化中将心理健康视为个人风险进行考察。
本研究旨在在中国和美国的大学生中，用一种慢性病、精神疾病以及另外两个因素（即媒体使用和文化认同）来检验计划风险信息寻求模型（PRISM）。
通过调查管理程序（Qualtrics）在两国使用相同的在线调查收集数据。在中国，大学教师在大学生中分发调查链接，该链接也发布在名为新浪微博的领先社交媒体网站上。在美国，数据是在西北一所大型大学的全校调查样本中收集的。
中国样本的最终样本量为235，美国样本为241。在中国样本中，媒体使用与心理健康信息寻求意图显著相关（P<0.001），文化认同在两个样本中均与意图显著相关（中国：P = 0.02；美国：P<0.001）。扩展后的PRISM比原始PRISM具有更好的模型拟合度。
在评估心理健康信息寻求过程或设计解决心理健康信息寻求的干预措施时，应考虑文化认同和媒体使用。
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