Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland.
Departmentof Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland.
Nutrients. 2020 May 18;12(5):1451. doi: 10.3390/nu12051451.
Excessive training may limit physiological muscle adaptation through chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. Improper diet and overtraining may also disrupt intestinal homeostasis and in consequence enhance inflammation. Altogether, these factors may lead to an imbalance in the gut ecosystem, causing dysregulation of the immune system. Therefore, it seems to be important to optimize the intestinal microbiota composition, which is able to modulate the immune system and reduce oxidative stress. Moreover, the optimal intestinal microbiota composition may have an impact on muscle protein synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis and function, as well as muscle glycogen storage. Aproperly balanced microbiome may also reduce inflammatory markers and reactive oxygen species production, which may further attenuate macromolecules damage. Consequently, supplementation with probiotics may have some beneficial effect on aerobic and anaerobic performance. The phenomenon of gut-muscle axis should be continuously explored to function maintenance, not only in athletes.
过度训练可能会通过慢性氧化应激和炎症限制生理肌肉适应。饮食不当和过度训练也可能破坏肠道内环境平衡，从而增强炎症反应。所有这些因素可能导致肠道生态系统失衡，导致免疫系统失调。因此，似乎有必要优化肠道微生物群组成，这可以调节免疫系统并减轻氧化应激。此外，最佳的肠道微生物群组成可能对肌肉蛋白质合成和线粒体生物发生和功能以及肌肉糖原储存有影响。适当平衡的微生物群也可能减少炎症标志物和活性氧的产生，从而进一步减轻大分子的损伤。因此，益生菌的补充可能对有氧运动和无氧运动表现有一些有益的影响。肠道-肌肉轴的现象应该不断被探索，以维持功能，不仅在运动员中如此。
