Sporns Peter B, Psychogios Marios-Nikos, Fullerton Heather J, Lee Sarah, Naggara Olivier, Boulouis Grégoire
Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
J Clin Med. 2020 May 18;9(5):1518. doi: 10.3390/jcm9051518.
Hemorrhagic strokes account for half of all strokes seen in children, and the etiologies of these hemorrhagic strokes differ greatly from those seen in adult patients. This review gives an overview about incidence and etiologies as well as presentation of children with intracerebral hemorrhage and with differential diagnoses in the emergency department. Most importantly it describes how neuroimaging of children with intracerebral hemorrhage should be tailored to specific situations and clinical contexts and recommends specific imaging protocols for acute and repeat imaging. In this context it is important to keep in mind the high prevalence of underlying vascular lesions and adapt the imaging protocol accordingly, meaning that vascular imaging plays a key role regardless of modality. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including advanced sequences, should be favored whenever possible at the acute phase.
出血性中风占儿童中风病例的一半，这些出血性中风的病因与成年患者有很大不同。本综述概述了儿童脑出血的发病率、病因、临床表现以及急诊科的鉴别诊断。最重要的是，它描述了如何根据具体情况和临床背景对儿童脑出血进行神经影像学检查，并推荐了急性和重复成像的具体成像方案。在这种情况下，要牢记潜在血管病变的高患病率，并相应调整成像方案，这意味着无论采用何种方式，血管成像都起着关键作用。在急性期，应尽可能优先选择包括高级序列的磁共振成像（MRI）。
