Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
The Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, 5005, Adelaide, Australia.
Nat Commun. 2020 May 22;11(1):2557. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16449-5.
Knowledge of global patterns of biodiversity, ranging from intraspecific genetic diversity (GD) to taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, is essential for identifying and conserving the processes that shape the distribution of life. Yet, global patterns of GD and its drivers remain elusive. Here we assess existing biodiversity theories to explain and predict the global distribution of GD in terrestrial mammal assemblages. We find a strong positive covariation between GD and interspecific diversity, with evolutionary time, reflected in phylogenetic diversity, being the best predictor of GD. Moreover, we reveal the negative effect of past rapid climate change and the positive effect of inter-annual precipitation variability in shaping GD. Our models, explaining almost half of the variation in GD globally, uncover the importance of deep evolutionary history and past climate stability in accumulating and maintaining intraspecific diversity, and constitute a crucial step towards reducing the Wallacean shortfall for an important dimension of biodiversity.
对生物多样性的全球模式的了解，从种内遗传多样性（GD）到分类和系统发育多样性，对于确定和保护塑造生命分布的过程至关重要。然而，GD 的全球模式及其驱动因素仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们评估了现有的生物多样性理论，以解释和预测陆地哺乳动物组合中 GD 的全球分布。我们发现 GD 与种间多样性之间存在很强的正协变关系，进化时间（反映在系统发育多样性中）是 GD 的最佳预测因子。此外，我们揭示了过去快速气候变化的负面影响和年际降水变异性的积极影响在塑造 GD 方面的作用。我们的模型解释了全球 GD 变化的近一半，揭示了深进化历史和过去气候稳定性在积累和维持种内多样性方面的重要性，并朝着减少重要生物多样性维度的华莱士差距迈出了关键一步。
