Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK.
Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2020 Jun;166:104562. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104562. Epub 2020 Mar 6.
The buff-tailed bumblebee, Bombus terrestris audax is an important pollinator within both landscape ecosystems and agricultural crops. During their lifetime bumblebees are regularly challenged by various environmental stressors including insecticides. Historically the honey bee (Apis mellifera spp.) has been used as an 'indicator' species for 'standard' ecotoxicological testing, but it has been suggested that it is not always a good proxy for other eusocial or solitary bees. To investigate this, the susceptibility of B. terrestris to selected pesticides within the neonicotinoid, pyrethroid and organophosphate classes was examined using acute insecticide bioassays. Acute oral and topical LD values for B. terrestris against these insecticides were broadly consistent with published results for A. mellifera. For the neonicotinoids, imidacloprid was highly toxic, but thiacloprid and acetamiprid were practically non-toxic. For pyrethroids, deltamethrin was highly toxic, but tau-fluvalinate only slightly toxic. For the organophosphates, chlorpyrifos was highly toxic, but coumaphos practically non-toxic. Bioassays using insecticides with common synergists enhanced the sensitivity of B. terrestris to several insecticides, suggesting detoxification enzymes may provide a level of protection against these compounds. The sensitivity of B. terrestris to compounds within three different insecticide classes is similar to that reported for honey bees, with marked variation in sensitivity to different insecticides within the same insecticide class observed in both species. This finding highlights the need to consider each compound within an insecticide class in isolation rather than extrapolating between different insecticides in the same class or sharing the same mode of action.
粗壮熊蜂（Bombus terrestris audax）是景观生态系统和农业作物中重要的传粉媒介。在其一生中，经常会受到各种环境胁迫因素的挑战，包括杀虫剂。历史上，蜜蜂（Apis mellifera spp.）一直被用作“标准”生态毒理学测试的“指示”物种，但有人认为它并不总是其他群居或独居蜜蜂的良好替代品。为了研究这一点，使用急性杀虫剂生物测定法研究了粗壮熊蜂对新烟碱类、拟除虫菊酯类和有机磷类中选定杀虫剂的敏感性。粗壮熊蜂对这些杀虫剂的急性口服和局部 LD 值与已发表的蜜蜂结果大致一致。对于新烟碱类杀虫剂，吡虫啉毒性很高，但噻虫啉和噻虫胺几乎无毒。对于拟除虫菊酯类，溴氰菊酯毒性很高，但高效氯氟氰菊酯毒性仅略高。对于有机磷类杀虫剂，毒死蜱毒性很高，但氯蜱硫磷几乎无毒。使用具有常见增效剂的杀虫剂进行的生物测定增强了粗壮熊蜂对几种杀虫剂的敏感性，这表明解毒酶可能为这些化合物提供一定程度的保护。粗壮熊蜂对三种不同杀虫剂类别的化合物的敏感性与蜜蜂报告的敏感性相似，在这两个物种中都观察到同一杀虫剂类别中不同杀虫剂的敏感性存在明显差异。这一发现强调了需要单独考虑杀虫剂类别中的每个化合物，而不是在同一类别中推断不同杀虫剂之间的关系或共享相同的作用模式。
