Independent researcher, Former Assistant Professor at Shifa College of Nursing, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Doctoral Student and Faculty of Nursing, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada, DSW, The Caregivers, St. John's, Newfoundland, and Former Junior Lecturer at Shifa College of Nursing, Islamabad, Pakistan.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2020 Jul;52(4):446-455. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12567. Epub 2020 May 25.
To determine nurses' challenges, extent of involvement, and the impact of involvement in politics and policy making.
Nurses in politics and health policy making.
Literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), OVID, and Open Grey using phrases comprising the following key words: "nurses", "policy making", "politics", "health policy", "nurses involvement in policy making/politics/health policy", "nurses challenges in policy making/politics/policy", and "impact of nursing policy making/politics/health policy"; 22 articles published from January 2000 to May 2019 were included.
The major challenges included intra- and interprofessional power dynamics, marginalization of nurses in policy making, and nursing profession-specific challenges. The extent of involvement was inadequate, and nurses mainly worked as policy implementers rather than as policy developers. Those nurses who participated in policy development focused on health promotion to build healthy communities and to empower nurses and the nursing profession.
Nurses' involvement in policy making has not improved over time. Nursing institutions and regulatory bodies should prepare and encourage nurses to work as policymakers rather than implementers and advocate for the rightful place of nurses at policy-making forums.
Preparation for health system policy making starts in the clinical settings. Educational institutions and nurse leaders should adequately prepare nurses for policy making, and nurses should participate in policy making at the organization, system, and national levels.
确定护士在参与政治和政策制定方面面临的挑战、参与程度及其影响。
参与政治和卫生政策制定的护士。
使用包含以下关键词的短语在 PubMed、Scopus、Google Scholar、护理学和相关健康文献累积索引（CINAHL）、OVID 和 Open Grey 中搜索文献：“护士”、“政策制定”、“政治”、“卫生政策”、“护士参与政策制定/政治/卫生政策”、“护士在政策制定/政治/政策方面的挑战”和“护理政策制定/政治/卫生政策的影响”；纳入了 2000 年 1 月至 2019 年 5 月发表的 22 篇文章。
主要挑战包括内部和跨专业的权力动态、护士在政策制定中的边缘化以及护理专业特有的挑战。参与程度不足，护士主要作为政策执行者，而不是政策制定者。参与政策制定的护士主要关注健康促进，以建立健康社区并赋予护士和护理专业权力。
护士参与政策制定的情况并未随着时间的推移而改善。护理机构和监管机构应准备并鼓励护士作为政策制定者而不是执行者开展工作，并倡导在政策制定论坛上为护士争取应有的地位。
为卫生系统政策制定做准备始于临床环境。教育机构和护理领导者应充分为护士做好政策制定准备，护士应在组织、系统和国家层面参与政策制定。
