Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Department of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Mediators Inflamm. 2020 May 4;2020:8730608. doi: 10.1155/2020/8730608. eCollection 2020.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is second only to lung cancer as a cause of death. Clinical assessment of patients and treatment efficiency therefore depend on the disease being diagnosed as early as possible. However, due to issues regarding the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for screening purposes, PCa management is among the most contentious of healthcare matters. PSA screening is problematic primarily because of diagnosis difficulties and the high rate of false-positive biopsies. Novel PCa biomarkers, such as the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and the 4Kscore, have been proposed in recent times to improve PSA prediction accuracy and have shown higher performance by preventing redundant biopsies. The 4Kscore also shows high precision in determining the risk of developing high-grade PCa, whereas elevated PHI levels suggest that the tumor is aggressive. Some evidence also supports the effectiveness of miRNAs as biomarkers for distinguishing PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia and for assessing the aggressiveness of the disease. A number of miRNAs that possibly act as tumor inhibitors or oncogenes are impaired in PCa. These new biomarkers are comprehensively reviewed in the present study in terms of their potential use in diagnosing and treating PCa.
前列腺癌 (PCa) 是仅次于肺癌的第二大死亡原因。因此，对患者的临床评估和治疗效果取决于能否尽早诊断出这种疾病。然而，由于前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA) 用于筛查的问题，PCa 的管理是医疗保健中最具争议的问题之一。PSA 筛查存在问题，主要是因为诊断困难和假阳性活检率高。近年来，提出了一些新的前列腺癌生物标志物，如前列腺健康指数 (PHI) 和 4Kscore，以提高 PSA 预测的准确性，并通过预防不必要的活检来提高性能。4Kscore 在确定发展为高级别 PCa 的风险方面也具有高精度，而升高的 PHI 水平表明肿瘤具有侵袭性。一些证据还支持 miRNA 作为区分 PCa 和良性前列腺增生以及评估疾病侵袭性的生物标志物的有效性。一些可能作为肿瘤抑制剂或癌基因的 miRNAs 在 PCa 中受到损害。本研究全面综述了这些新的生物标志物在诊断和治疗 PCa 方面的潜在用途。
