Saitgareeva Aigul R, Bulygin Kirill V, Gareev Ilgiz F, Beylerli Ozal A, Akhmadeeva Leila R
Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation.
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Neurol Sci. 2020 Dec;41(12):3609-3615. doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04468-5. Epub 2020 May 26.
Microglia-mediated central nervous system (CNS) inflammation is one of the key features of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. In the last few years, a number of studies have investigated the link between neurodegenerative diseases and CNS glial cells, in particular microglia. Microglial cells are the main resident immune cells and comprise approximately 10-15% of all CNS cells. Microglia at rest regulates CNS homeostasis via phagocytic activity, by removing pathogens and cell detritus. "Resting" microglia cells transform into an activated form and produce inflammatory mediators, thus protecting neurons and providing defense against invading pathogens. Excessive inflammation leads to neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases. Various microglial reactions at different stages of the disease can open up new directions for treatment interventions and modification of the inflammatory activity. This review focuses on the potential role of microglia and the dynamic M1/M2 phenotype changes that are critically linked to certain neurodegenerative diseases.
小胶质细胞介导的中枢神经系统（CNS）炎症是包括帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病在内的各种神经退行性疾病的关键特征之一。在过去几年中，许多研究调查了神经退行性疾病与中枢神经系统胶质细胞，特别是小胶质细胞之间的联系。小胶质细胞是主要的驻留免疫细胞，约占所有中枢神经系统细胞的10 - 15%。静息状态下的小胶质细胞通过吞噬活动清除病原体和细胞碎屑，从而调节中枢神经系统的稳态。“静息”的小胶质细胞会转变为活化形式并产生炎症介质，进而保护神经元并抵御入侵病原体。过度炎症会导致神经元损伤和神经退行性疾病。疾病不同阶段的各种小胶质细胞反应可为治疗干预和炎症活动的调节开辟新方向。本综述重点关注小胶质细胞的潜在作用以及与某些神经退行性疾病密切相关的动态M1/M2表型变化。
