Neurobiology Expertise Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2020 Jun;43(6):385-393. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.03.010. Epub 2020 Apr 16.
Recent studies on the effects of sleep deprivation on synaptic plasticity have yielded discrepant results. Sleep deprivation studies using novelty exposure as a means to keep animals awake suggests that sleep (compared with wake) leads to widespread reductions in net synaptic strength. By contrast, sleep deprivation studies using approaches avoiding novelty-induced arousal (i.e., gentle handling) suggest that sleep can promote synaptic growth and strengthening. How can these discrepant findings be reconciled? Here, we discuss how varying methodologies for the experimental disruption of sleep (with differential introduction of novel experiences) could fundamentally alter the experimental outcome with regard to synaptic plasticity. Thus, data from experiments aimed at assessing the relative impact of sleep versus wake on the brain may instead reflect the quality of the waking experience itself. The highlighted work suggests that brain plasticity resulting from novel experiences versus wake per se has unique and distinct features.
最近关于睡眠剥夺对突触可塑性影响的研究得出了不一致的结果。使用新奇暴露作为使动物保持清醒的手段的睡眠剥夺研究表明，与清醒相比，睡眠会导致净突触强度广泛降低。相比之下，使用避免新奇诱导觉醒的方法（即温和处理）的睡眠剥夺研究表明，睡眠可以促进突触生长和增强。如何调和这些不一致的发现呢？在这里，我们讨论了实验性破坏睡眠的不同方法（通过不同程度的引入新经验）如何从根本上改变关于突触可塑性的实验结果。因此，旨在评估睡眠与清醒对大脑相对影响的数据，可能反而反映了清醒体验本身的质量。强调的工作表明，来自新奇体验和清醒本身的大脑可塑性具有独特而不同的特征。
