Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Sleep Med Rev. 2018 Jun;39:3-11. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.05.002. Epub 2017 May 18.
Dendritic spines are the major sites of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Alterations in the strength of synaptic connections directly affect the neuronal communication, which is crucial for brain function as well as the processing and storage of information. Sleep and sleep loss bidirectionally alter structural plasticity, by affecting spine numbers and morphology, which ultimately can affect the functional output of the brain in terms of alertness, cognition, and mood. Experimental data from studies in rodents suggest that sleep deprivation may impact structural plasticity in different ways. One of the current views, referred to as the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, suggests that wake promotes synaptic potentiation whereas sleep facilitates synaptic downscaling. On the other hand, several studies have now shown that sleep deprivation can reduce spine density and attenuate synaptic efficacy in the hippocampus. These data are the basis for the view that sleep promotes hippocampal structural plasticity critical for memory formation. Altogether, the impact of sleep and sleep loss may vary between regions of the brain. A better understanding of the role that sleep plays in regulating structural plasticity may ultimately lead to novel therapeutic approaches for brain disorders that are accompanied by sleep disturbances and sleep loss.
树突棘是中枢神经系统中突触传递的主要部位。突触连接强度的改变直接影响神经元的通讯，这对大脑功能以及信息的处理和存储至关重要。睡眠和睡眠剥夺通过影响棘突数量和形态，双向改变结构可塑性，最终可能会影响大脑在警觉性、认知和情绪方面的功能输出。来自啮齿动物研究的实验数据表明，睡眠剥夺可能以不同的方式影响结构可塑性。目前的一种观点，即突触稳态假说，认为清醒促进突触增强，而睡眠促进突触缩小。另一方面，现在有几项研究表明，睡眠剥夺会减少海马体中的棘突密度并减弱突触效能。这些数据为睡眠促进海马体结构可塑性，从而促进记忆形成的观点提供了依据。总的来说，睡眠和睡眠剥夺的影响可能因大脑区域而异。更好地了解睡眠在调节结构可塑性方面的作用，最终可能为伴有睡眠障碍和睡眠剥夺的脑部疾病提供新的治疗方法。
