Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Trends Cancer. 2020 Jun;6(6):489-505. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.02.020. Epub 2020 Mar 25.
Chemoresistance is a major factor driving tumour relapse and the high rates of cancer-related deaths. Understanding how cancer cells overcome chemotherapy-induced cell death is critical in promoting patient survival. One emerging mechanism of chemoresistance is the tumour cell secretome (TCS), an array of protumorigenic factors released by tumour cells. Chemotherapy exposure can also alter the composition of the TCS, known as therapy-induced TCS, and can promote tumour relapse and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we outline how the TCS can protect cancer cells from chemotherapy-induced cell death. We also highlight recent evidence describing how therapy-induced TCS can impact cancer stem cell (CSC) expansion and tumour-associated immune cells to enable tumour regrowth and antitumour immunity.
化学耐药性是导致肿瘤复发和癌症相关死亡高的主要因素。了解癌细胞如何克服化疗诱导的细胞死亡对于促进患者生存至关重要。一种新出现的化学耐药机制是肿瘤细胞分泌组（TCS），即肿瘤细胞释放的一系列促肿瘤生成因子。化疗暴露也可以改变 TCS 的组成，称为治疗诱导的 TCS，并可以促进肿瘤复发和免疫抑制肿瘤微环境（TME）的形成。在这里，我们概述了 TCS 如何保护癌细胞免受化疗诱导的细胞死亡。我们还强调了最近的证据，描述了治疗诱导的 TCS 如何影响癌症干细胞（CSC）的扩增和肿瘤相关免疫细胞，以实现肿瘤的再生长和抗肿瘤免疫。
