Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Sep 10;734:138651. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138651. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
High particulate matter (PM) pollution frequently occurs in winter over northern China , resulting in threats to human health. To date, there are limited studies to link source apportionments and health risk assessments in the different size-resolved PM samples during high PM events. In this study, size-segregated PM samples were collected in Linfen, a typical coal-burning city, in northern China during a wintertime haze pollution. In addition to water-soluble ions and carbon contents, metallic elements in the different size-segregated PM samples were also determined for health risk assessments by inhalation of PM. During the sampling period, the average concentration of PM was 274 ± 57 μg m with a major fraction (73%) of organic material and secondary-related aerosols, and an insignificant portion of trace elements (TEs, ~ 3%). The size distribution showed that As and Se, markers of coal combustion, exhibited a mono-modal distribution with a major peak at 0.4-0.7 μm and the others mostly possessed mono-/bi-modal patterns with a major peak at 3.3-5.8 μm. The cancer risk (CR) resulted from PM metals by inhalation was estimated to be 2.91 × 10 for children and 7.75 × 10 for adults while non-cancer risk (NCR) was 2.10 for children and 0.70 for adults. Chromium (Cr) was the dominant species (89%) of cancer risk in PM. Road dust was a major fraction (65%) to total metals in coarse PM (dp > 3.3 μm) whereas coal combustion was a dominant source (~55%) in submicron (dp < 1.1 μm) PM metals. However, traffic emissions (40%) and coal combustion (36%) were the dominant sources of CR since both emissions contributed major fractions (74%) to Cr, especially in submicron PM which exhibited high deposition efficiency of TEs into respiratory tracts, resulting in high CR in Linfen City.
中国北方冬季颗粒物（PM）污染严重，对人类健康构成威胁。迄今为止，针对冬季重污染期间不同粒径分辨 PM 样品的源解析与健康风险评估之间的联系，相关研究十分有限。本研究在中国北方典型燃煤城市临汾采集了不同粒径分辨的 PM 样品，以研究冬季霾污染期间的 PM 污染特征。除了水溶性离子和碳含量，还对不同粒径分辨 PM 样品中的金属元素进行了测定，以评估 PM 吸入的健康风险。在采样期间，PM 的平均浓度为 274±57μg/m，主要成分为有机物质和二次相关气溶胶（占 73%），痕量元素（TEs，约 3%）的比例较小。粒径分布表明，煤燃烧的标志物砷（As）和硒（Se）呈单峰分布，主要峰值出现在 0.4-0.7μm，其他元素多呈单峰/双峰分布，主要峰值出现在 3.3-5.8μm。通过 PM 吸入评估的 PM 金属元素所致癌症风险（CR）为儿童 2.91×10-6，成人 7.75×10-6，而非癌症风险（NCR）为儿童 2.10，成人 0.70。Cr 是 PM 中癌症风险的主要元素（约 89%）。道路尘是粗颗粒物（dp>3.3μm）中总金属的主要来源（约 65%），而燃煤是亚微米颗粒物（dp<1.1μm）中金属的主要来源（约 55%）。然而，交通排放（40%）和燃煤（36%）是 CR 的主要来源，因为这两种排放源都对 Cr 贡献较大（分别为 74%），特别是在亚微米 PM 中，TE 向呼吸道的沉积效率较高，导致临汾市的 CR 较高。
