The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Immunology. 2020 Jul;160(3):223-232. doi: 10.1111/imm.13222.
Since the first World Health Organization notification on 31 December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been responsible for over four million confirmed infections and almost 300 000 deaths worldwide. The pandemic has led to over half of the world's population living under lockdown conditions. To allow normal life to resume, public health interventions will be needed to prevent further waves of infections as lockdown measures are lifted. As one of the most effective countermeasures against infectious diseases, an efficacious vaccine is considered crucial to containing the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the publication of the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2, vaccine development has accelerated at an unprecedented pace across the world. Here we review the different platforms employed to develop vaccines, the standard timelines of development and how they can be condensed in a pandemic situation. We focus on vaccine development in the UK and vaccines that have entered clinical trials around the world.
自 2019 年 12 月 31 日世界卫生组织首次通报以来，由冠状病毒严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的呼吸道疾病 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）已在全球导致超过 400 万例确诊感染和近 30 万人死亡。大流行导致世界上超过一半的人口生活在封锁状态下。为了恢复正常生活，需要采取公共卫生干预措施，以防止封锁措施解除后再次发生感染。疫苗被认为是控制 COVID-19 大流行的关键，是对抗传染病最有效的措施之一。SARS-CoV-2 基因组序列公布后，全球疫苗开发速度以前所未有的速度加快。在这里，我们回顾了用于开发疫苗的不同平台、开发的标准时间表以及如何在大流行情况下压缩这些时间表。我们重点介绍了英国的疫苗开发情况以及在全球范围内进入临床试验的疫苗。
