Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin.
Vaccine and Immunity Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2020 Nov;15(6):351-358. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000648.
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic pneumonia-causing disease, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, resulting in millions of deaths globally. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 may coexist with human populations for a long time. Therefore, high-effective COVID-19 vaccines are an urgent need.
Vaccines help in the development of long-lasting humoral or cellular immunity, or both, by exposing individuals to antigens that induce an immunological response and memory prior to infections with live pathogens. New vaccine technologies, such as viral vectors and nucleic acid-based vaccines, which represent highly versatile technologies, may allow for faster vaccine manufacture and scale up production.
We summarized the recent progress made in relation to COVID-19 vaccine development using several promising technologies, with particular emphasis on advancements that are currently at the clinical trial stage.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 引起的新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一种高度传染性和致病性的肺炎病原体，导致了全球数百万人死亡。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 可能会与人类长期共存。因此，高效的 COVID-19 疫苗是当务之急。
疫苗通过在个体感染活病原体之前暴露于诱导免疫反应和记忆的抗原，帮助产生持久的体液或细胞免疫，或两者兼而有之。新型疫苗技术，如病毒载体和基于核酸的疫苗，作为极具通用性的技术，可能允许更快地制造疫苗并扩大生产规模。
我们总结了使用几种有前途的技术在 COVID-19 疫苗开发方面取得的最新进展，特别强调了目前处于临床试验阶段的进展。
